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EXPLANATION OF FRONTISPIECE.

The Frontispiece is taken from one of the series of
nine plates in a beautiful MS. of the Greek Liturgies now in
the Vatican ; but, in a.d. 1600, in the Monastery of S. Mary
at Gethsemane. They 1/ n engraved by Cardinal Mai,

in the vi. volume of the " Nova ^. ja." The intention

of the designer is to show the fellow-mirisfr. ation of angels with
men in the Liturgy. This plate (thosixtl represents the Great
Entrance : (see pp. sxv. & 109.) The I-riest, carried by angels,
brings in the chalice covered with the aer : in his right hand,
he holds the paten, covered with its veil. The door, out of which
he comes, is that of the prothesis. The Deacon, with a taper,
and the stole marked with the Ter Sanctus, bows. To the right,
an archimandrite stands up : by him is S. Michael : in answer to
the prayer, " Grant that with our entrance may be an entrance
of tlie holy angels." In front of the altar, the Priest is repre-
sented again: he wears iha $toicharion, or alb; over it a plain
phmlonion, or chasuble ; on his left (by the designer's mistake
for his right) is seen a part of the cpigonation. On the altar are
the two tapers: the chalice, covered with the aer ; the asterisk
covered with the veil ; and behind, the books of the Epistles and
Gospels. The Great Entrance, as we shall see, is the grandest
piece of ritual in the Eastern Church, and mystically represents
I he Incarnation.

u-s.Bflfiro/v.Ct C

^f^^^M'i

THE GREA'l- ENTRANCE.

TNijxTurc:-

THE

LITURGIES

§. €\)n]BMtm,

AND

t'jie Cjiiirrjj nf Blalakr,

TRANSLATED,

WITH

TRODUCTION AK.D APPENDICES,
EEV. f Mf^'NEALE, M.A.,

Warden of Sackville College.

LONDON : ^ '

. T. HAYES, LYALL PLACE, EATON SQUARE.

1859.

TO THE

REV. JOSEPH HASKOLL, M.A.,

RECTOR OF EAST BARKWITII
IN THE DIOCESE OP LINCOLN,

THESE LITUKGIES
ARE DEDICATED
IN REMEMBRANCE OP
A FRIENDSHIP OF TWENTY YEARS

PREFACE.

As I have said in the Introduction to my Edition
of the Liturgies in Greek, it has for many years
been my desire to render these most pure sources of
Eucharistical Doctrine accessible to all my brethren.
Hitherto the whole of them have not been procurable
in Greek, except with difficulty, and at a heavy
expense : in English, not at all.

I had not, however, intended to translate them ; but
the united advice of all the Ecclesiastical Reviews,
and of many private friends, and many Priests with
whom I was previously unacquainted, has encouraged
me to undertake that task also : — and the result is now
before the reader.

A brief Introduction is prefixed ; but to enter, in
such very narrow limits, at any satisfactory length on
the subject, is impossible.

The reader who desires to study it more deeply may
consult : — 1. Mr. Palmer's Essays on the Eastern
Church : 2. My own Introduction to its History :
3. (which may easily be procured through Messrs.
Williams& Norgate,) the translation of M.Mouravieff's
work on the Eastern Ritual, by Theodore Ballianus.
{aitKTtoKoi.i TTefi rcZv Is^wv ukoKovSiouv trji; avoLtokiyirg
opSoSo^ov 'EKKX.rj(risc$. Athens : Philadelpheus, 1857.)

The Translations in the present volume are as
follows :

VI PREFACE.

S. Mark] The pro-anaplioral portion, new : the
V anaphoral, slightly altered from my
S.James J Introduction.

S. Clement. The pro-anaphoral portion, new : the
anaphoral, corrected from Dr. Brett's Translation.

S. Chrysostom '\Slightly altered from my Intro-
The Prothesis J duction.

The Malabar Liturgy — entirely new.

I have endeavoured, most carefully, to abstain in
my notes from all polemical remarks ; but one observa-
tion I should not feel justified in omitting. For nearly
twenty years these, and the other early Liturgies, have
been my daily study : there are very few passages in
them which I could not repeat by heart ; and scarcely
any important works on the subject which I have not
read. I may therefore claim some little right to be
heard with respect to them. And I say most unhesi-
tatingly, that ; while I can conceive that some passages
in them might be tortured into a Calvinistic sense,
were sufficient ingenuity employed ; no ingenuity can
make any single clause even patient of the theory of
equivalence, which the "Opinion" of a Scotch Bishop
seems to endorse. If that theory be true, the Eucha-
ristic teaching of every Eastern Liturgy is absolutely
false.

I would conclude by praying that the doctrine of
these Liturgies may spread more and more widely
amongst us ; and that this poor little effort of mine
may be blessed to that end.

Sacltville College, Michaelmas 1859.

INTRODUCTION.

I. Liturgical Families,

1. Primitive Liturgies may be divided into five
principal families. (1.) That of S.James, or Jerusalem;
(2.; That of S. Mark, or Alexandria ; (3.) That of
S. Thaddeus, or the East ; ('4.) That of S. Peter, or
Rome; (5.) That of S. John, or Ephesus.

2. That of Jerusalem may be divided into three
branches : the Clementine, Caesarean, and Hierosoly-
mitan. (^)

3. Of these, the Clementine has no branches.

4. The normal form of the Csesarean Liturgv is
that of S. Basil. This on the one hand branches out
into that of iS. Chrysostom; on the other, into the
Armenian.

5. The norm of the Hierosolymitan family is the
Liturgy of S. James : and this family has three divisions.

(1) In my Introduction to the History of the Holy Eastern
Church, I had classed tlie Clementine Liturgy by itself; but Dr.
Daniel, in his observations on my book, teems to me to have
show a that it has a very close connection with the Hierosolymitan,
or, as he prefers to call it, Antiochene.

VIU INTRODUCTION.

(1.) Sicilian S. James, as said in that island before the
Saracen conquest, and partly assimilated to the Petrine
Liturgy. (2.) S. Cyril : where used uncertain, but
assimilated to the Alexandrian form. (3.) Syriac S.
James, the source of the largest number of extant
Liturgies. They are these: [1.] Lesser S. James.
[2.] S. Clement. [3.] S. Mark. [4.] *S. Bionysius.
[5.] S. Xystus. [6.] S. Ignatius. [7.] S. Peter I.
[8.] S. Peter II. [9 ] S. Jidins. [10.] S. John
Evangelist. [11.] S. Basil. [12,] {S.) Bioscorus.
[13.] S. John Ch-ysostom I. [14.] All Apostles.
[15.] S. 3Iarutas. [16.] S. Eustathiits. [17.] Phild-
xemtsl. [18.] Matthew the Shepherd. [19.] James
Baradaeus. [20.] James of Botna. [21.] James
ofEdessa. [22.] Moses Bar- Cephas. [23.] Thomas
of Heraclea. [24.] Holy Boctors. [2-5.] Philo-
xenus II. [26.] <S. John Chrysostom II. [27.]
Ahu'lfaraj. [28.] John of Bara. [29.] S.Celestine.
[30.] John Bar-Susan. [31.] Eleazar of Babylon.
[32.] John the Scribe. [33.] John Maro. [34.]
Bionyshis of Cardou. [35.] Michael of Antioch.
[36.] Jolin Bar-Vahib. [37.] John Bar-Maadn.
[38.] Bionysins of Biarbekr. [39.] Philoxenus of
Bagdad. All these, from Syriac S. James inclusive,
are Monophysite Liturgies.

6. The norm of the Alexandrian family is S. Mark.
From this are derived these Liturgies: (1.) S. Cyril.
(2.) S. Gregory. (3.) S. Basil.

INTRODUCTION. IX

From S. Basil finother family ST3i'in<rs. used in
Ethiopia, and for the most part very barbarous. Tho
norm of this is the Liturgy of All Apostles. From
this, as from their source, spring the followinc;' Litur-
gies : [1.] S. John Evangelist. [2.] The Three
Hundred and Eighteen. [3.] S. Epiphanius. [4.]
S. James of Serug. [o.] Oar Lord Jesus. [6.]
(S.) Dioscorus. [7.] S. Gregory. [8.] S. Mary.
[9.] S. John Chrysostom.

There is a bastard Liturgy between Egyptian S.
Basil and Syriac S. James, called John of Bassora.

7. The Eastern family is much loss numerous. The
norm of this is All Apostles. From this there spring
(L) Theodore the Interpreter. (2.) Nestorius. (3.)
Narses the Leper. (4.) The Liturgy of 31alahar or
S. Thomas. But this last is rather collateral with,
than derived from. All Apostles. The first four of
these are Nestorian. The fifth, originally Nestorian,,
has since become Jacobite.

8. The Petrine family has only one Liturgy, the
Moman.

9. The Ephesine family may be divided into two
orders, (L) The Mozarabic. (2.) The Gallican.

Bxit springing from the mixture of these -with the
Roman, are [1.] The Amhrosian Liturgy. [2.] The
Patriarchine, or that used in the province of Aquilcia.

And these arc all.

X INTRODUCTION.

II. Difference between Eastern and Western

Liturgies.

By Eastern, I mean those of
S. James,
S. Mark,
S. Thaddeus,
S. John.

1. The Eastern have, the.V/estern have not, a distinct
invocation of the Holy Ghost, without which the
transmutation of the Elements is not considered per-
fected. It is true that this has been obliterated from
the Mozarabic rite, but there it was originally : in the
Galilean it is still visible.

2. The Western — and that of S. John — have vary-
ing collects, as well as epistles and gospels— the others
have not.

3. The three purely Eastern — S. James, S. Mark,
and S. Thaddeus — have only one preface for every
day in the year.

4. The Mozarabic, Galilean, and Ambrosian, have
a different one for every festival : the Roman had,
and has several still.

III. Distinctive marks of Oriental Liturgies.

These are principally to be found in the position of
the intercession for quick and dead.

INTRODUCTIGX. XI

(1.) In tlie Hierosolymitan family, it is between
the Invocation of the Holy Ghost and the Lord's
Prayer.

(2.) In the Alexandrian, it is before the Commemo-
ration of the Institution.

(3.) In the Nestorian, it is between the Commemo-
ration of Institution and the Invocation of the Holy
Ghost.

IV. Tiie Order of the Liturgies themselves.

1. Every Liturgy may be divided into two parts :

The Pro-Anaphoral : and
The Anaphoral portion.
The former extends to the Sursum corda : the latter
from thence to the end.

2. The Pro-Anaphoral portion is divided into

The Mass of the Catechumens : and
The Mass of the Faithful.

3. The Anaphoral portion has these four divisions :

The great Eucharistic Prayer :

Tlie Consecration :

The Intercession for quick and dead : and

The Communion.

4. The Mass of the Catechumens consists of these
parts :

XIV

INTRODUCTION.

1. The ayioi fyy\iJt.a., or sanctuary.

2. The altar, in the centre of the chord of the apse.

3. The protJu'sis ? which when divided, as here, by walls

4. The diaconicon $ from the bema, are called parabemata.

5. The iconostasis.

0. The tndlus, or dome : under it the choir.

7. The trapeza, or nave, not architecturally divided from the choir.

8, The narthex.

2. Every Eastern Church consists of four portions :

Bema or Sanctuary :

Choir :

Trapeza, or Na\'e:

Narthex, or Western Porch.
But, as in the West, the sanctuary and the choir
have hardly any separation, and go together under
the name of chancel, so in the East the choir and
nave have hardly any separation, and go together
under the name of naos.

INTRODUCTIOX. XV

3. The bema is separated from the naos by a solid
screen— the iconostasis; so termed because of the icons
on it.

This answers, not to the rood screen of the Western,
but to the altar-rails of the English, Church. Its
doors are called the Holy Doors.

4, North of thf! altar — there is only one altar in every
Eastern Church — is the chapel of the prothesis, with
the table at which the preparation of the Elements
takes place. Thence the Little and Great Entrances
are made.

5, South of the altar is the diaconicon, skeuophy-
lakion, or sacristy.

VI. The Liturgies contained in the 2)resent volume
are those of

S. James, S. Mark,

S. Chrysostom, S. Clement, {")

The Church of Malabar.

The Anaphoras of the first four have been translated

by Dr. Brett ; the whole of S. James by Dr. Rattray;

and of S. Chrysostom by Dr. King and Dr. Covel. I

believe that the whole of these Liturgies has not ap-

(2) I am anxious to correct a mistake in my preface to the Greek
edition of this Liturgy, into which I was led by too implicitly
following an assertion of my friend Dr. Daniel. It is that the
expression, " cleansing- ourselves from all filthiness both of the
flesh and spirit," is quoted seven times in the Clementine Liturgy.
I ought to have said that the verse, which contains that express-
fcion, is referred iofive times in that Liturgy.

XVI INTRODUCTION.

peared before in English : the Avliole of S. Chrysostom
and the AnajDhorae of S. James and S. Mark may be
found in my Introduction to the History of the Eastern
Church. The Malabar Liturgy is given as a specimen
of the family of S. Thaddeus, rather than one of the
tiiree Nestorian Liturgies, as not less valuable, and
not havino- been before translated.

To these I add the office of the Prothesis ; as now
said all over the Eastern Church.

The Liturgy of S. Chrysostom is the normal
Liturgy of the Eastern Church. That of S. Basil is
said on all the Sundays in Lent, (except Palm Sunday,)
Maundy Thursday, Easter Eve, the Vigils of Christ-
mas and Epiphany, and the Feast of S. Basil (Jan.L)
That of S. James is said in some of the Greek islands
on the Festival of the Saint. That of S. Mark has
been obsolete since the time of Theodore Bolsamon.
This prelate, a complete Oriental ultramontane, Avas
for squaring everything according to " the most
strictest" rule of the Great Church; and procured the
abolition of this Liturgy, more venerable tlian his own,
just as Rome has abolished, and is still abolishing, the
national Liturgies of other Churches.

The Malabar Liturgy I have never been able to sec
in the original ; and an tmadultemted copy of the
original does not seem to exist. Diligent enquiry,
but in vain, was made for it in India by the late Dr.
Mill. As it is now^ printed, it was revised by the
Portuguese Archbishop of Goa, Alexis de Menezes,and

INTRODUCTION. XVll

the Synod of Diamper, (1599)— a revision which, as
even Roman Liturgists allow, shows utter ignorance of
Oriental Liturgies. Raulin, in his edition, professes
to point out all the alterations made by the Synod,
and to give, in a note, the original; but the least study
of his work will show that some important changes
pass without the least notice by him.

VII. BIystkal Interpretation of Oriental Liturgies,

The best key to the mystical explanation of
the Liturgy of S. Chrysostom is to be found in the
Commentary of Symeon of Thessalonica — a translation
of the latter part of which here follows. This prelate
—a man of the highest character for learning and
piety, and the stay of the whole Eastern Church iu
troublesome times,— died in 1429. To his treatise
should be added that of Theodore of Andida, a writer
of uncertain age, lirst published by Cardinal Mai, in
the sixth vol. of his Nova Bibliotheca, in 1855.

" The Bishop therefore who is about to celebrate,
descending from the throne in which he has been
stationed, figures the condescension of God the Son
to us. And having put on the holy stole, (3) he figures

( •) The stole, used by Priests in the Eastern Church, is also
called epitrachelion and horarion, or orarion : it differs in shape
from that of the West. It is merely a long piece of silk or other
stuff, something more than double the width of the Western stole,
and with a hole in the middle of the upper jtart, through which
tlie celebrant puts his head. As, however, it has an embroidered
seam down the middle, its appearance is much the same as that
to which we are accustomed. — Symeon on the LUnrijt/.

XVm INTRODUCTIOiV.

the Lord's most holy Incarnation ; and going out to
the gates of the temple, His presence and manifesta-
tion on earth, even till His death and descent into
hell. This is signified by the Priest going towards
the West and as far as the Church doors.

"Now when the holy Liturgy is begun, which is
when the Bishop gives the sign — for no one can
attempt to commence anything without him — the
Priests within the bema commence the prayers, and
the singers modulate the Antiphons and divide them
into three portions, and those things which are taken
from the Psalms : (-*) to these they add the hymns
which pertain to the time of grace. By the Psalms, the
prediction of the Incarnation of the Word to those of
old time is set forth : by the hymnody which foUowS;
the perfect completion of grace is typified to the by-
standers, and the Son of God incarnate, and all the
things which He worked for our sakes. Wherefore
also, first of all, we honour her who virginally bare
Him, and beseech her mediation for us, saying : J3i/
the intercession of the Mother of God, O Saviour,
hear us. Then, commemorating the Saints, who,
agonising for the mystery of faith, died a holy death,
vre beseech their supplications also ; and last of all,
venerating Christ, the author and finisher of onr
salvation, we cry out with a lend voice, Save us, O

(*) The three Antiphons of the Constautinopolitan rite will be
seen in the Liturgy of S. Chrysostom, where an explanation of
them is given.

INTRODUCTIOX. XIX

Son of God. (5) But when the Bishop has finished
his holy prayers without the bema, ihe Deacons stand
by him, who typify, not only the Apostles, but also
the Angels, who minister also in the mysteries of
Christ. But when the Priests within the bema have
also finished their own prayers, and come forth, the
descent of the holy Angels, which took place in the
Ascension of Christ, is signified. And when the
torches are borne forth, and tlie Deacons advance by
two and two, and the Holy Gospel is carried in pro-
cession, and the Bishop, supported on either side by
Deacons, advances, and the other Priests follow
behind, and sing out clearly, 0 come let us worsJiip
Christ, and the acclamations of good wishes to the
Bishop resound, and the Deacon after the prayer of
the Entrance, while he holds the Gospel in his hands,
exclaims : Wisdom; stand tqj : (^) the Resurrection and
Ascension of the Saviour is shadowed forth. For the
Deacon, while he thus cries out, announces the Resur-
rection of Christ ; and the choir of Priests and
Deacons, as we said before, typify the Apostles present
with the Lord and beholdins' Him, and the most holy
Angels. But the Bishop is a type of the Lord Him-
self made manifest to the disciples, and taken up from

(5) The reader is recommended to follow the Liturgy of S.
Chrysostom, as given below, •\vhile he reads the explanation of
SymeoD, comparing it at the same time with the ground plan of
kS. Theodore, above.

CO This refers to the ceremonies of the Little Ei.trance, of
which more at length hereafter.

XX INTRODUCTION.

eartli to heaven. Wherefore, as ^ve liave said, the
whole of the exterior naos is a type of earth ; the most
holy berna represents heaven. Wherefore, as David
also prophecies, when the Loud ascended, the Angels
assisted in his triumph ; and cried out to them tliat
were above, Lift up your doors, and they named Him
King of Glory and Lord, and confessed Him The
Mighty. Thus too doth the Church, while she honors
the celebrant entering with the pomp of a procession
into the Holy of Holies; and the holy doors of tlie
bema shut before that procession enters, and opened
that it may enter, signify the same thing.

But when the celebrant has entered and has censed
the holy table around, the advent of the Holy Ghost
is signified by him. For the Spirit came to us from
heaven, when Christ went up into heaven. Further-
more, the Bishop, signing the Gospel crosswise by a
certain double taper, dikerion, typifies the illumina-

INTRODUCTION.

XXI

tion brought to pass both in heaven and earth by the
Incarnation of Jesus in His two natures. For by the
Incarnation of tlie Word of God, He not only gave
light to men, but also to the Angels .

The Trisagion which is forthwith said, manifests
the mystery of the Trinity; which the Incarnation of
one person of the Trinity manifested to men ;(7) and
also the sympathy and union of Angels and men.
Wherefore also it is sung within the bema by the
Priests, and without it by the clerks and laity : for one
Church of Angels and men hath been formed through
Christ. It is this which the Pontiff proclaims, while
he signs the Gospel crosswise with a three-headed
taper, (trikerion,) and shows that the preaching of

-\.'

C') The expression "Oneof theTiiiNiTY," is not used accident-
ally by Symeon, but is a profession of the faith of the writer
with respect to the phrase so much controverted in the Mono-
physite discussions, " One of the Trinity suffered for man."

XXll INTRODUCTIOy.

the Trinity is contained in the same, and prajs that
by it we may be confirmed and stablished.

But also Avhile he advances to the divine syn-
thvonus, Q^) which typifies the session of Christ at the
Right Hand of the Father; and then blesses the
people crosswise with the trikerion, he assures us of
the sanctification which is through the Trinity, and
reminds us that Christ, having ascended into heaven,
sent down upon us the splendour of the Trinity, typi-
fied by the light, and the blessing. And sitting down
in the syiithronus, where he is a type of Christ, and
where he has, as his fellow-assessors, his brother
Bishops and Priests, who represent the figure and the
similitude of the Apostles, he gives peace to all ; and
this is a symbol of Christian union. For it is Christ,
saith Paul, Who hath put an end to enmity in His
Flesh, and hath made both one, both things in heaven
and things in earth. Then follovrs the lection of the
Apostolic words, which allegorises the mission of the
Apostles to the nations. And the Bishops and Priests
sit while these are read, but the Deacons do not ;
because the former also possess the grace of the
Apostolate. Then follows the hymn Alleluia, (9)

(8) The sjnthronns is the seat in the depth of the Eastern apse,
in the centre of which the Bishop sat with his iace westwaid
towards the altar, — the altar itself occupying the central position
in the chord of that apse, — and having his Clergy on his right and
left hand.

(°) See the note on this Alleluia in the Liturgy of S. Chrysoetom
between the Epistle and Gospel.

INTKODUCTION. ^-"^"'

which manifests the praise of God, and the advent of
the Divine grace, which is the lection of the Gospei.
Now this lection sets fortli the preaching of the Gospel
throuc^hout the whole world, which was brought to
pass after the Ascension of the Lord, by the hands of
His Disciples. Wherefore also, we first read the
Epistle, then the Gospel ; because the Disciples were
first invigorated and sent forth, and afterwards, per-
forming their circuit throughout the world, preached
the Gospel. And before the Gospel, incense is offered
on account of the grace of the Holy Ghost, which
by means of the Gospel was given to the whole
world.

But while the Gospel is being read, the Bishop lays
aside his omophorion, (lo) thereby making profession
of his service to the Lord. For since it is the
Lord Who is represented as speaking by the Gospel,
and is, as it were. Himself present, the Bishop at that
time ventures not to be arrayed with the symbol of His
Incarnation— I mean the omophorion ; but taking it
off from his shoulders he gives it to the Deacon, Avho
holds it folded in his right hand, himself standing
near the Bishop, and preceding the holy gifts. He
also holds the trikerion in his hand : and this signifies
that in the world to come, Jesus, Who was Incarnate
and wounded for us, and being one of the Trinity

(1") This oraophoiion, which is worn by every Eastern Bishop,
resembles the LiUiu pallium, except that it is broader and tied
round the neck in a knot.

^^1^ INTRODUCTION.

shining upon us with the rays of Godhead, will be
manifestly revealed to all. Then the Pontiff, descend-
ing from the synthronus, and after the Gospel and the
prayer for the Emperors, blessing the people with the
trikerion, makes manifest that the pious empire and
the priestliood exists by means of the Gospel, and prays
that they may remain by the grace of the Trinity.

And now, approaching the altar, he begins the
work of prayers, manifesting himself to be the
minister of the mystery. And forthwith the cate-
chumens are dismissed, and the faithful are exhorted
to remain ; because that moment represents the season
of the end of the Avorld. " For," saith he, " the
Gospel must first be preached throughout all the
world, and then shall the end be." And again he
saith, "He shall send forth His Angels, and they'
shall sever the wicked from the good." Thus also the
Church doth when she commands the catechumens to
depart, and the faithful alone to remain. Whence
also we may learn how careful tlie foithful ought to
be that they communicate not with them with Avhom
there ought to be no communion ; and tJiis is more
particularly the duty of Priests. For if it is unlawful
to associate in prayer, how much more in the Sacrifice?
Neither ought they to receive the oblations for the
sacrifice of those faithful who are open and notorious
sinners, but first to require from them penitence?
For mutual communion arises from the oblations that
are brought to the altar ; and it i^ not meet that the

INTRODUCTION. XXV

vm worthy should partake in the sacrifice. And when
the Divine aifts are about to be offered, the Pontiff
first washes his hands before all, thereby manifesting
his purity and irreprehensibleness in this hierurgy ;
and that it is right to approach that which is so pure
without any manner of pollution, so far as is possible
for man, and thus to minister in those most pure
mysteries.

But the procession, after these things, of the Divine
gifts, is with great pomp of Readers, Deacons, and
Priests, with the lamps and holy vessels preceding
and following : (^i) because this symbolises the last
Advent of Christ, when He shall come with glory.
Whence the omophorion marked with the Cross goes
before, v/hich sets forth the sign of the Son of Man,
which will appear from heaven, and the Son of Man
Himself And after this follow the Deacons in order,
symbolising the ranks of Angels ; and this also the
Fans, (^-) as they are called, set forth, which S.

(!') That is the Great Entrance, for which see page 109; and
also the frontispiece.

('-) These Fans are a not unimportant part of the pkte of an
Oriental Church ; they are now generally made of silver, and in
the shape of the lieads and wings of cherubim. The Clementine
Liturgy, (see page 77) orders them to be made of silk or peacock's
feathers, or some other light material: they were originally
intended to prevent flies and the like insects from settling on the
Holy Mysteries, and in process of time came to signify mysti-
cally the vibration of the wings of the Seraphim before the throne
of God. Under the name of Flabella or ]\Iuscarla, they were
employed in early Western ritual. Ilildebert of Le Mans has an
elegant and playful letter to a friend who presented him with a

XXVI INTRODUCTION'.

Dionysius names wings. Then come tliey who cany
the Holy Gifts, after whom follow the rest, and
they Avho bear on their head the holy veil, which
represents the veil that was wrapped about the Body
of the Lord Jesus. These then, going round the
Temple processionally, and praying for the people,
enter in to the altar, and all of them pray for the
Pontiff 5 and they give heed to no other prayer, but
only for the kingdom of God. Now all these things
teach that, in the end of the world, after the departure
of the wicked, when the Saviour shall have appeared,
there shall be no other heritage for the faithful, save
the Kingdom of God. Now Christ Himself is the
Kingdom of God, and the contemplation of His dis-
pensation : His having been humbled even to death
His having been sacrificed for us, to behold that sac-
rificed and divine and quickening Body, manifesting
its wounds — the Body That indeed tasted of deatli,
but is the earnest to us of victory over death ; the
Body which bestows on us, out of its wounds, immor-
tality and life and the Beatific Vision with the Angels,

pair. S. Udalric, in his constitutions of Cluny, book ii
chap. 29, thus writes : " And one of the Deacons, of whom there
always ought to be two, shall stand with a fan near the Priest,
from the time that flies begin to be troublesome, till the end of the
service, that he may drive them away from the sacrifice and
fi'om the altar." Durandus thus writes, iv. 35 — 8 : " But lest
flies should come and spoil the sweetness of the ointment, that is,
lest troublesome thoughts should arise and destroy the devotion
of prayer, they are to be driven away by the fan of tlie spirit.
And to signify this, in summer time, a material fan should be
used while the secreta is being said."

INTRODUCTION. XXVU

and food and drink, and life and light, tlie veryBread
of Life, the True Light, eternal life, Christ Jesus.
Wherefore this entrance symbolises, at the same time,
both the Second Advent of Chiust and His sepulture:
for it is He, as we have said before. Who will be our
Beatific Vision in the life to come. Then all the
faithful, as is meet, fall down before the Priests,
partly as desiring their prayers, and to be remembered
in their hierurgy, and partly venerating the DivinQ
gifts. For although they have not yet been sancti-
fied, yet they have been dedicated to God in the
prothesis ; and the Priest there presented them to
God, and besought that they might be received upon
the heavenly altar. Although then their sanctification
is not yet complete, yet they are prepared for com-
pleteness, and are dedicated to God, and an antitype
of the Lord's Body and Blood. If then we attribute
honour and adoration to holy images, how much more
do these gifts which, as the great Basil says, are the
antitypes of, and are brought in to the end that they may
become, the Body and Blood of Christ. {}^) ....
And the people saith not Kyrie Eleison, but. For
many years, O Lord : asking, as it were, that he
should proceed prosperously in his hierurgy, and

('") Symeon is replying to tiie objections brought by Latin
writers agains.t this aiitici])ative adoration, which is common, as
we sliall tee, to all the Eastern Communions, heterodox as well as
Catholic, and which is even defended by many Roman writers,
fcfoine sentences in the text which dilate on this subject ar
omitted.

XXVIU INTRODUCTION.

should continue his sacrificial functions for a long
time. When he has entered in, the doors are shut ;
because it is not fitting that the Mystery should be
beheld by all, but only by those who have been
invested with the priesthood. Furthermore, in the
same way that there is order and rank in the blessed
Angels : for they that are highest enjoy the Beatific
Vision without any intermediation, the second rank
through the first, (i*) and the third through the
second, as Dionysius (i^), endowed with heavenly
wisdom, teaches, so also is the case in the Church.
The Pontiff approaches the Divine altar without
any intermediary ; the Priests and other ecclesias-
tics, by means of him. And by the Priests and the
Ministers, the people is admitted to a participation in
the tremendous Communion and the sacred hymns. •
But when, after the first set of prayers, the Creed
has been recited, comes the Kiss of Peace, because
by the true confession of the Trinity, and of the
One of the Trinity That was Incarnate, Ave are
united with each other, and that confession associates
us with the Angels. And because we ought to love
each other, since Christ became an oblation through
love, and whoever is about to communicate, ought to
present himself without any feeling of anger ; and

(1*) Seo this idea worked out with greater fulness in the Liturgy
of Joseph Bar-Vahih : Renaudot, torn. ii. p. 525.

(1°) The writer is of course referring to the Treatise of pseudo-
Dionysius the Arcopagite on the Heavenly Hierarchy.

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

because all, in the world to come, are in union with
each other, and no one there can be an enemy. But
they keep the sacred veil over the gifts until the holy
Creed is finished ; because we must first make a true
and sincere confession about the Lord, before we can
behold Him without any veil. After this, the Pontiff
who is to celebrate approaches the altar, and praises
the works of God, and giving thanks for all, associates
himself with the Angels, and vociferates with them
the triumphal hymn, the Holy, Holy, Holy : and the
people also recite it, typifying the equality of peace
which we shall hereafter enjoy with the Angels, and
our union with them. Then the Pontiff having praised
the greatest of the works of God, the Incarnation of
the Only-Begotten, and again the greatest act of His
dispensation. His Death for us, goes on to the com-
mencement of the Mysteries, and utters the holy
words, the same which our Lord used when Himself
sacrificing. Then, having given thanks for all things,
and offering the gifts on account of all, he invokes
upon himself, and upon the Mysteries laid on the
altar, the divine grace of the Spirit. By which,
having accomplished the rite by the seal of the Cross,
and the invocation of the Holy Ghost, He forthwith
beholds the living Jesus lying before him, and Him
in His very essence, being truly the Bread and the
Ciij). For His is that saying, This Bread is My
Body; and His again is this saying, That which is in
the cup is My Blood. And the sacrifice for the ^hole

XXX INTRODUCTION.

world, and the common propitiation, and the living
delicacy, and the infinite joy, and the kingdom of the
heavens, and the only essential good, is set before all
on the Divine table ; wherefore, also the celebrant
prays with the greater boldness on behalf of all.
For he takes confidence when he beholds Him Who
is the patient Lover of men, lying before him a
sacrifice ; and he offers praise and makes supplication
for all, and remembers those that are absent, and
more especially the Maiden Mother of God, v/ho
virginaliy bare Him. Testifying also iu this how
we are one with the Saints, and by this sacrifice are
partakers with them, and that they, having boldness
with Him Who loves and is loved, have the power to
reconcile and nnite us with Him. At last, having
exhorted lis with one mind and one mouth to praise our.
God, and having called down upon us the mercies of
our great God Jks'js Christ, He leads us up to our
adoption by our heavenly Father, and prays that we,
being purged from sin by Him Who is His Son
according to nature, may become His sons according
to grace; and that Ave may be able rightly to call
Him our Father, Who is the Father of heaven.
And this is the sign of the union in the future world,
and of our being united to God, through the Only-
Begotten by the Holy Ghost. Whence the Pon-
tiff, having prayed for peace and returned thanks,
calls upon Jesus that He would make him par-
taker of the Holy Mysteries, that the rest may be

liNTRODUCTIOX. XXxi

counted worthy to become partakers of them through
him.

When he has finished the Liturgy, and comes to the
Communion, he again assumes the omophorion, mani-
festing that, before this, he was one of the ministers,
and was afraid to put upon himself that holy garment.
But when the work is accomplished, and he goes on
to elevate the Bread and to divide it into parts, and to
receive it himself and distribute it to others, it is neces-
sary that he should put on all the sacred symbols cf
his dignity ; and since the omophorion is the principal
vest of a Pontiff, he necessarily assumes that, and in
that is partaker of the most divine Things. Having,
therefore, put it on, and having made the elevation,
and having proclaimed the Holy Things for Holy
Persons, he invites all holy persons to that divine and
living Food of the Holy Table. And the people with
one mind cry out. One holy. One Lord, Jesus Christ,
to the glory of God the Father. And this, as Paul
saith, shall be preached in the Last Day, when every
knee shall be bowed to Jesus, and every tongue shall
confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of
God the Father. Hence then, the common union
of all the faithful is published, and the consent of all
concerning the preaching of the Incarnate Son of God,
Who shall reign over all, and of His Kingdom there
shall be no end, as it is written. But the answer made
to the Holy Things for Holy Persons, namely. There is
One Holy, &:c., first signifies to us the essential sanctity

XXXll INTRODUCTION.

of God Himself, and tliat from Him is the sanctifica-
tion of all things that are hallowed. And it is, as it
were, an expression of humility ; as if we said. Who
of us is holy, or who of ns is pure? One only is holy
One only is the Lord Jesus Christ, Who will of
His mercy sanctify ns.

Now the elevation of the Bread sets forth to us the
elevation of Jesus on the Cross ; wherefore also the
cup itself lies before our eyes containing the Blood
and Water which flowed from His Holy Side. The
bread then he divides into four parts, and places them
crosswisCj and in this he sees Jesus crucified. Nor
can there be any greater spectacle than the vision of
the Most High God humbled for our sakes. Then
taking the upper portion, and with it making the sign
of the Cross, he dips it in the chalice, and makes the
union of the mysteries ; and then he pours the warm
water into the cup. Q^) And this he does to signify
that the Lord's Body, even when dead, and when
the Divine Soul was separated from it, still re-
mained possessed of its quickening powers : the
Divinity never being separated from it, as neither any
of the energies of the Divine Spirit. Since then warm
water affords by its heat a type of life, it is tlien
employed in the time of Communion that when our
lips touch the chalice and participate in the Blood,
we mav be so affected as if we received it from that

(16) See all these rites more fully explained at page V21.

INTRODUCTION. XXXIU

quickening side. There are other reasons also, and
that of marvellous depth, assigned by writers far
superior to ourselves ; but that which we have men-
tioned may suffice for us. For we may understand
from the words that accompany the injection of
warm water, that this which we have mentioned is
the intention of the Church. For he saith, "The
fervour of the Holy Ghost." And a still clearer
proof is, that this admixture also takes place in the
Liturgy of the Presanctified.(i'') For there would be
no use in this, were the reason of the rite any other than
that we have assigned ; seeing that in the previous
Liturgy it had already been mixed with the Gifts. But
the Pontiff, dividing the Bread into many particles,
intimates in that action the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
For it is written. He took bread and brake and gave
to His disciples. He first then Himself communi-
cates in the Bread, and participates in the tremendous
Chalice. For no one else administers it to him, ex-
cept it be some one of his own rank, namely another
Pontiff". Then he imparts the Communion to all
the rest, who kiss his hand and cheek, by which he
proclaims the communion of the Body of Jesus, even
in the future world, which shall be for ever and ever.
But the hand and cheek receive the kiss — the former

(") The Liturgy of the Presanctified, or of S. Gregory, is
employed by the whole Eastern Clmrch, and has been so at least
since the time of the Council in Trullo, on every day of Lent
except the Saturdays, the Sundays, the Annunciation, and Maundy
Thursday.

XXXvi INTRODUCTION.

forth, and the uppermost part has been cut out and has
been consecrated. This, after being signed with the
spear, (21) and hallowed by the divine words said over
it, is distributed instead of the tremendous Gifts to
those who have not communicated. Which, when the
Pontiff has done, and has prayed over the people, he
puts an end to the Liturgy. . . . ("2)

(21) For an explanation of the spear, by the means of which
the Lamb is cut out and stabbed, see the office of prothesis, at
the end of the book. The oblation serves two uses : the seal or
Lamb stamped with IC XC NIKA serves for the Sacrament ;
the remaining part, as here, for the antidoron.

(22) The rest of the treatise is taken up by the author's apology
and by a few remarks on the Prothesis, wliich will better be given
under that rite.

THE DIVINE LITURGY

K SU\[h

The Priest. Peace be with all.

Peoj^le. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Pray.

People. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.

Priest. We yield Thee thanks, we yield Thee exx-eed-
ing thanks, O Lord our God, Father of our Lord
and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, for all things,
and through all things, and in all things : for that
Thou hast sheltered, assisted, defendeil, and hast
brought us through the past time of our life, and hast
guided us to this hour, vouchsafing again to set before
Thee, in Thy holy place, us who ask pardon of oui-
sins, and propitiation for all Thy people. And we
pray and beseech Thee, O Lover of men, O good God,
give us to accomplish (^) this holy day (-) and all the
time of our life sinlessly, with all joy, l>calth, safety,
and with all sanctification and Thy fear. But all envy,
all fear, all temptation, every Satanic operation, every

(') I know not but tliat the word i-rritixurxi may liere partly
retain its religious sijrnification, " to otier us a suciitice:'" thus,
^Eliau in his Various History: Ka,i xmS-' tKuirrov ito; l<rtriXovv
uiiTu. (Lib. 12, cap. Gl )

(") It is a mistake to concliule from this expression that this
Liturgy was only used on the siunday ; since wo know from the
replies of Timotiiens, Patriarch ot Alexandria, (a.d. ^80 — 380,)
that it was said daily.

plot of wicked men, repel from us,0 GoD,an{lfromThy
holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. That which is
good and profitable, do Thou supply to us : if we have
at all sinned against Thee in word or deed, or by
thought, do Thou, as good and the Lover of men,
vouchsafe to overlook it, and forsake not us, O God,
who put our trust in Thee, nor lead us into tempta-
tion, but deliver us from the evil one, and from his
works, through the grace and pity and benignity of
Thine Only-Begotten Son : (aloud) through Wliom
and with Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might,
in Thine all-holy and good and life-giving Spirit,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.
People. Amen.
Priest. Peace be with all.
People. And with thy spirit.
Deacon. Pray for the king.

People Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.

Priest. Master, Lord, and God,Father of ourLoRD
and God and Saviour, Jesus Christ, we beseech and
supplicate Thee that Thou wouldest perpetually keep
our king in peace and fortitude and righteousness.
Subject to him, O God, every enemy and adversary :
lay hand upon the shield and buckler, and stand up to
help him. Grant to him, O God, victories, and that
he may be peaceably disposed towards us, and towards
Thy holy Name. (3) That we also in the tranquility

(^) This is a clear proof that this prayer was composed before
the beginning of the great Tentli Persecution j during •which it
would have been differently worded, and after which, it would
have been inappropriate. In fact there is no doubt that these
three prayers are of the most remote antiquity; and this par-
ticular clause, with its singularly crabbed construction, may, not
improbably, contain the original words of the Apostle.

of his days, may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all
godliness and honesty, (■*) through the grace and
mercies and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son :
(aloud) through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee the
glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good and
life-giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Pray for the Pope and the Bishop. (^)

People. Lord, have mei'cy. Lord, have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.

Priest. Master, Lord, and God, the Almighty, (^)
the Father of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus
Christ, we beseech and supplicate Thee, O Lover of
men, O good God, preserving our most holy and
blessed Pontiff, the Pope N., and the most sacred
Bishop N., preserve them to us peacefully many
years, executing the holy Archpriesthood entrusted by
Thee to them according to Thy holy and blessed word,
rightly dividing the word of truth, with all orthodox
Bishops, Priests, Deacons, Sub-deacons, Readers,
Singers, and laymen, with the whole fulness of Thy
holy and only Catholic Church, granting to them

(^) Notice the coincidence of these expressions, with those in
the First Epistle to Timothy ; and remember that it is quite as
likely that the Apostle was quoting from the Liturgy, as the
Liturgy from the Apostle.

( ^) By the Pojie is of course meant the Patriarch of Alexandria,
Pope being his specific title, as Patriarch was that of the Metro-
politan ofAutioch, and Archbishop that of him of Constantinople,
Probably the original bidding prayer was simply, — Pray for the
Bishop.

('^) I take the epithet by itself, as more in accordance with the
structure of the commencement of the second prayer.

ii2

peace and health and salvation. And their prayers
which they make for us, and we for them, receive, U
Lord, into Thy holy and heavenly and reasonable
altar. And every enemy of Thy holy Church subdue
speedily under their feet, through the grace and
mercies and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son :
{aloud) through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee
the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good
and life-giving Spirit, now and evei-, and to ages of

ages.

People. Amen.
Priest. Peace be with all.
People. And with thy spirit.
Deacon. Stand for prayer.

People. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.

The Priest subjoins the Prayer of the Entrance^'^
and for the Incense:

Master, Lord, and our God, Thou Who didst elect
the twelve-lighted lamp of the twelve Apostles, and
didst send them into the whole world, to preach and to
teach the Gospel of Thy kingdom, and to heal every
sickness and every infirmity in the people; and didst
breathe into their faces, and didst say to them,
Receive the Holy Ghost, the Comforter : whose sins
ye remit, they are remitted unto them ; whose sins ye
retain, they are retained ; thus do Thou also upon us
Thy servants that stand around in the Entrance of
our holy ministry * * * * with the Bishops, Priests,

C) That is to say the Little Entrance, or the bringing in of
the Gospel — a ceremony of considerable pomp. Prectded by
tapers and incense, the Priest and Deacon carry the Holy
Mysteries from the I'roihe&is, and so thi-ough the Holy Uoors to
the Altar.

Deacons, Readers, Singers, and laity, together with
all the fulness of Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic
Church. Preserve us, O Lord, from curse, and ban,
and from anathema, and binding, and excommunica-
tion, and from the part of the adversary, and purify
our lips and our heart from all pollution and from all
iniquity ; that with a pure heart, and pure conscience,
we may offer to Thee this sacrifice for a sweet-smelt-
ing savour, and for the remission of our sins, and of
the sins of Thy people: through the grace and mercies
and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son : (aloud)
through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee the glory
and the might, with Thine all-holy and good and life-
giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages,

Pi'iest. Amen.

Deacon. Stand up. (^)

And they sing the Only-Begotten Son.

Priest. Only-Begotten Son and Word of God,
immortal. Who didst vouchsafe for our salvation to
take flesh of the holy Mother of God, and Ever- Virgin
Mary, and didst without mutation become man, and
wast crucified, Christ, our God, and by death didst
overcome death, being one of the Holy Trinity, and
glorified together with the Father and the Holy
Ghost, save us. (9)

And the Entrance of the Gosjjel tahes place.
Deacon. For prayer.

(*) This word, ojS-o/, has, like other short ^peeches of the
Deacon, been relaiuuil uutraueilatuu iu other Lituigieti: llius tlie
Aiineuiitu gives it urtl

(") Thib anthem, which is in the original simply referred to, is
clearly of later dale tlian therouiicil of h.i)hcsLis, and is one of the
lour employed iu the Oriental Liturgies.

Priest. Peace be with. all.
People. And with thy spirit.
Deacon. For prayer.
People. Lord, have mercy.

The Priest saith the Prayer of the Trisagion. (^°)

Master, and Lord Jesus Christ, co-eternal Word
of the self-existent Father, Who didst become like
us in all respects, sin except, for the salvation of our
race: Who didst send forth Thy holy disciples and
Apostles to preach and teach the Gospel of Thy king-
dom, and to cure all sickness and all infirmity among
Thy people, do Thou Thyself, O Lord, send out Thy
light and Thy truth, and enlighten the eyes of our
understanding to the comprehension of Thy Divine
oracles; and enable us to be hearers of them, and not
hearers only, but also doers of the word, that we may
bring forth fruit and produce good fruits, thirty-fold,
and an hundred-fold, that we may be counted worthy
of the kingdom of heaven. {Aloud). And let Thy
mercies speedily prevent us, O Lord, for Thou
art the good tidings. Saviour, and guardian, of our
souls and of our bodies. Lord our God ; and to Thee
we send up glory and giving of thanks and the hymn
of the Trisagion, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.

People. Amen. Holy God, Holy and Mighty,
Holy and Immortal, have mercy upon us.

(10) This prayer is said in a low voice, while the people are
singing the Trisagion, as presently. This little anthem is usually
ascribed to a miraculous origin, in the time of S. Proclus, (434 —
437,) but it is probably far older, and if not Apostolic, is at least
Isapostolic. The troubles excited by the addition made by
Peter the Fuller, " Thou That wast crucified for us," are well-
known.

And after the Trisagion, the Priest signs (") the
peoj)le, saying, Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

And the Attend : (}") the Apostle ; the Prologue of
the Alleluia. 2'he Deacons, according as they are
enjoined, say —

Sir, give the blessing, (i^)

Priest. The Lord bless and minister with you by
His grace, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

The Priest before the Gospel offers incense and
saith thus :

We offer incense before Thy glory, O God : do
Thou receive it (i*) to Thy holy and super-celestial
and intellectual altar. Do Thou, in its stead, send
down the grace of Thy Holy Spirit, for Thou art
blessed, and do Thou send forth Thy glory.

When the Deacon is about to read the Gospel, the
Priest saith :

The Lord bless and strengthen, and make us to be
hearers of His holy Gospel, — God, That is blessed,
now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen.

(") That is, makes the sign of the Cross towards or on them.

(^2) This Rubric requires explhiiition. Attend, is a not
unfrequent exclamation of the Deacon in the Oriental rites. The
T^orx'-'/^t'' of the Greek is literally retained in the Armenian,
Proscliume. The Apostle is the more usual title in the Oriental,
as it was in the Galilean, Liturgy, for the Bpistle. The i'rologue
of the Alleluia seems to have been some prayer recited by the
Priest, while the Alleluia was sung by the people.

('■*) This might also be translated, Lord, bless : but, by the
analogy of the Western Chm'ch, I prefer the version which 1
have given.

('^) Tlie reading seems rather corrupt, but its sense is manifest.

Deacon. Stand : let us hear the holy Gospel.
Priest. Peace be with all.
People. And with thy spirit.

The Beacon saith the Gospel The Priest siibjoins
the Collect : (i^)

Visit, O Lord, in Thy pity and mercies, those of
Thy people that are sick : those of our brethren that
have departed, or are about to depart, give to each a
prosperous journey in his place, and seasonably. Send
down rains on the places that want and stand in need
of them. Raise the waters of the river to their mea-
sure, through Thy grace, (i^) Increase the fruits of
the earth, to see'd-tifte and to harvest ; guard the
kinc^dom of Thy servant, Whom Thou hast appointed
to rule over the* land, in peace and courage and right-,
eousness and tranquility. This humble and poor and
CuRisT-loving city, preserve it, O God, from evil
days, from famine, plague, and incursion of .the hea-
then, as Thou didst spare the city Nineveh : because
Thou art full of mercy and pity, and keepest not in
remembrance the iniquities of man. Thou, by Thy
prophet Isaiah, hast said, I will protect this city, and
save it for My sake, and for My servant David's sake.
Wherefore we beseech Thee, and supplicate Thee, O
Lover of men, O good God, guard this city for the
sake of Thy Martyr and Evangelist, Mark, who

(15) Synapte, literally, Collect ; but in no way responding to
the prayer so called in the Western Church, to which, indeed, the
East oiFurs no parallel. This answers much more nearly to the
Ectene, or Missal Litany — perfect examj)les of which will be
found in the Liturgies of S. James and S. Chrysostom.

(16) The rise of the Nile being a point of such vital importance
to the Egyptian harvest, is a subject put prominently forward in
all the Coptic Liturgies.

showed to us the way of salvation, through the grace
and mercies and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten
Son : (aloud) through Whom and with Whom, be to
Thee the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and
good and life-giving Spikit, now and ever, and to
ages of ages, (i^)
Deacu/i. Be«:in.

^s'

u4.nd thej say the Stichos. The Deacon saith the

Three. (}^)
Priest. Master and Lord, God the Almighty, the
Father of our Lord Jksus Christ, we pray and
beseech Thee, assign the peace which is from heaven
to the hearts of all of us, and also bestow on us the
peace of this world. Our most holy and blessed Pope
N., and our most sacred Bishop IN., guard to us for
many years, peacefully accomplishing the holy Arch-
priesthood, entrusted by Thee to them, according to
Thy holy and blessed will, rightly dividing the word
of truth J with all orthodox Bishops, Priests, Deacons,
and Sub-deacons, Readers, Singers, with all the full-
ness of Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic Church.
Bless, O Lord, our assemblies; grant them to be
without let and without hindrance, according to Thy
holy will. Grant them to be houses of prayer, houses

(") Ii is almost unnecessary to remark that the reference to
the Evangelist is of far later date than the oni-inal Liturgy : and
the whole prayer, as perhajJS the next also, seems to me made up
trom the great miercessiou for quick and dead, to which wo shall
presently come.

('^) The Stichos, or Versicle, was no doubt some varying
anthem for different festivals. W hat is intended by the Thrte, is
not agreed. Some take it to mean three collects to be recited iu
this place : others, a verso begiuuiug, " The Three Persons and
One Essence," or something of a siuular kind.

of blessing:, to us and to Thy servants after us for ever.
Arise, O Lord, and let Thine enemies be scattered ;
let them also that hate Thee flee before Thee. And
bless Thy faithful and orthodox people ; increase them
to myriads of myriads, and let not the death of sin
prevail against us, nor against all Thy people, through
the grace and mercies and benignity of Thine Only-
Begotten Son : (aloud) through Whom and with
Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might, in Thine
all-holy and good and life-giving Spirit, now and
ever, and to ages of ages.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Look lest any of the Catechumens . . . Q^)

Here they sing the Cherubic Hymn.

Let us, who mystically represent the Cherubin, and
sing the holy hymn to the quickening Trinity, lay by
at this time all worldly cares, that we may receive the
Kino- of Glory, invisibly attended by the angelic
orders. Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. (20)

The Priest offers Incense for the Entrance, and
prays. (-1)

(19) Here followed the expulsion of the Catechumens and
penitents, preceded probably in this, as in the Constantinopolitan
ritual, by the Priest unfolding the Corporal. We shall find a
fuller form for this expulsion in other Liturgies.

(2") This, one of the four Liturgical hymns, is not earlier than
the time of Justinian; and accordingly does not occur in any of
the heretical Liturgies except the Armenian. It is found in all
the great rites, except the Clementine.

(21) This is the Great Entrance j the carrying the Elements from
the Prothesis to the altar. It is the most imposing ceremony in
the Eastern Church. The anticipative worship paid to these

Priest. Lord our God, Who hast no need of any
gift, accept this incense offered by an unworthy hand,
and count us all worthy of the blessing which is from
Thee ; for Thou art our sanctification, and to Thee we
ascribe glory.

And the Holy Tilings enter to the Altar, and the
Priest prayeth thus :

Holy, lofty, tenible, Thou Who restest in the
holies, O Lord, Thyself sanctify us, and count us
worthy of Thy fearful Priesthood, and cause us to
approach to Thy venerable altar with all good con-
science : and purify our hearts from every pollution :
chase away from us every evil sensation : hallow our
mind and our soul, and grant us to accomplish the
worship of our holy fathers with Thy fear, propitiating
Thy Face at all times ; for Thou art He That blessest
and sanctifiest all things, and to Thee we ascribe glory
and giving of thanks.

Deacon. Kiss one the other.

The Priest saith the 'prayer of the Kiss.

Master, and Lord Almighty, look down from
heaven upon Thy Church, and upon all Thy people,
and all Thy flocks, and save ail of us Thine unworthy
servants, the creatures of Thy fold ; and grant to us
Thy peace, and Thy love, and Thy help, and send
down upon us the gifts of Thy most Holy Spirit,
that, in a pure heart, and with a good conscience, we

Elements by the congregation, who fall down in the very path of
the Priest, is defended with difficulty by Greek ritualists ; but at
all events proves thus much, with how true and real a worship
they must adore those Elements after Consecration, which belore
it were counted worthy, as they themselves seom to say, of auti-
cipative lutria.

may salute one another with an holy kiss, not in
hypocrisy, not * * * (22^ ^yt blameless and unspotted,
in one spirit, in the bond of peace and of love, one
body and one spirit, in one faith, as we have also been
called in one hope of our calling, that we may all of
us arrive at the Divine and boundless affection, in
Christ Jesus our Lord, with Whom Thou art
blessed.

Then the Priest offers Incense, saying :

Incense is offered to Thy Name. Let it ascend, we
pray Thee, out of the poor hands of us sinners, to Thy
super-celestial altar, for a sweet smelling savour for
the propitiation of all Thy people. For to Thee is
due all glory, honour, worship and giving of thanks,
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, now
and ever, and to ages of ages.

And after the Kiss of Peace, the Deacon, aloud:

Stand, to make your offerings according to your
order. (23)

The Priest siffning with the Cross the patens and the
chalices, saith with a loud voice —

I believe in one God the Father Almighty,
Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible
and invisible : and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the
Only-Begotten Son of God, begotten of His Father
before all worlds. Light of Light, very God of very
God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with
the Father ; by Whom all things were made : Who

(-~) There is something here corrupt.

(23) Tijig J take to be the meaning of xara t^ottovs. Renaudot
translates it modestly.

for us men, and for our salvation came down from
heaven, + and was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of
tlie Viro;in Mary, and was made man, and was cruci-
fied + also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered
and was buried, and the third day He rose again
according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven,
and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. And
He shall come again with glory to judge both the
quick and the dead : Whose kingdom shall have no
end. And I believe in the + Holy Ghost, the Lord
and Giver of Life, Who proceedeth from the Father,
Who with the Father and the Son together is wor-
shipped and glorified, Who spake by the Prophets.
And I believe one Catholic and Apostolic Church.
I acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins :
and I look for the Resurrection of the dead, and the
life of the world to come. Amen.

Deacon. Stand for prayer.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. Pray for them that offer.

The Priest saith the prayer of the Offertory.

Our Master, Jesus Chrlst, Lord, co-eternal Word
of the self-existent Father and of the Holy Ghost,
Thou That art the Great High Priest, the Bread that
comest down from heaven, and bringest up our life
from corruption, That didst give Thyself, a spotless
Lamb, for the life of the world, we pray and beseech
Thee, O Lord, Lover of men, cause Thy face to
shine upon this bread and upon these chalices, which
the most holy table receives, through the ministry of
angels, and the surrounding choirs of archangels, and
the priestly hierurgy, to Thy glory and the renovation
of our souls; through the grace and mercies and love
to men of Thine Only-Begotten Son, through Whom

and witli Whom, be to Thee the glory and the
might. (2i)

At the end of the Creed, the Priest signs the people
7vith the Cross, saying aloud —

The Lord be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Priest. Lift we up our hearts.

People. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Priest. Let us give thanks to the Lokd.

People. It is meet and right.

The Priest begins the Anaphora.

It is verily meet and right, holy and becoming,
and advantajieous to our souls, Jehovah, Lord God,
Father Almighty, to worship Thee, to hymn Thee,
to give thanks to Thee, to return Thee praise, both night
and day, with unceasing mouth, and lips that keep not
silence, and heart that cannot be still : Thee Who
madest the heaven and the things that are in heaven,
the earth and the things that are in the eai'th, the sea, the
fountains, the rivers, the lakes, and all things that are
in them : Thee Who didst make man after Thine own
image and likeness, and also gavest him the delights
that were in paradise, and didst not overlook him
when he fell, nor desert him, O good God, but didst
call him back by the Law, didst educate him by the
Prophets, didst reform him, and renew him by this
tremendous and life-giving and heavenly mystery. All
which things Thou hast done by Thy wisdom, the
^ * - — — — , —

(-^) Observe the corruption which affixes such an ending to a
prayer addressed to the Son ; unless by a most violent construc-
tion we leave the former part of the prayer without any apodosis,
and conceive the clause that begins, " We jiray and beseech
Thee," to be addressed to the Fatuek.

true Light, Thine Only-begotten Son, our Lord and
God and Saviour Jesus Christ, by Whom, render-
ing thanks to Thee with Himself and the Holy
Ghost, we offer to Thee this reasonable and unbloody
sacrifice, which all nations offer to Thee, O Lord,
from the rising of the sun unto the going down of the
same ; from the north and the south ; for Thy name
is great among the Gentiles, and in every place incense
is offered to Thy Name, and a pure offering.

And we pray and beseech Thee, O Lover of men,
O good God :

Remember, O Lord, the holy and only Catholic
and Apostolic Church, which is Irom one end of the
earth to the other end of it, all peoples and all Thy
flocks. Vouchsafe to all our hearts the peace which
is from heaven, and also bestow on us the peace of
this life.

The king, the military orders, the Princes, the
Councils, the boroughs, every neighbourhood, our
coming in and our going out, set in order in all
peace.

O King of peace, give to us Thy peace in concord
and love : possess us, O God ; beside Thee we know
none other : we are called by Thy Name : quicken all
our souls, and the death of sin shall not have dominion
over us, nor over all Thy people.

Them that are sick, O Loud, of Thy people, visit
in Thy pity and mercies, and heal.

Avert from them and from us all sickness and
infirmity, drive away from them the spirit of weak-
ness : raise up again them that are lying in long sick-
ness ; heal them that are vexed of unclean sjjirits,
them that are in prisons, or in mines, or in courts of
justice, or with bcnlence given against them, or in
bitter slavery, or tribute, have mercy on all, free all :

for Thou art our God, He That sets free the bound.
He that raises those that are in misery, the hope of the
hopeless, the succour of the defenceless, the resurrec-
tion of the fallen, the harbour of the tempest-tost, the
avenger of the afflicted. To every Christian soul that
is in trouble, and that is a petitioner to Thee, give
mercy, give remission, give refreshment. Furthermore,
O Lord, heal the diseases of our souls, cure our bodily
weaknesses, O Physician of souls and bodies ; overseer
of all flesh, oversee and heal us by Thy salvation.

To our brethren that have departed from us, or are
about to depart, in whatever place, give a fair journey,
whether by land or rivers, or lakes, or highways, or
in whatever way they may be travelling, restore them
all everywhere to a tranquil harbour, to a safe harbour:
vouchsafe to be their fellow- voyager and fellow-
traveller. Give them back to their friends, rejoicing
to the rejoicing, healthful to the healthful.

And preserve, O Lord, to the end, our sojourning
also in this life, without harm, and without storm.

Send down richly good showers on the places that
need them and desire them ; rejoice and renew by
their descent the face of the earth, that in their drops
it may be made glad, and may spring up, liaise up
the waters of the river to their full measure ; rejoice
and renew by their ascent the face of the earth : water
her furrows, multiply her increase. Bless, O Lord,
the fruits of the eaith. Preserve them continually
whole and unhurt ; preserve them to us for seed and
for harvest. Bless also now, O Lord, the crown of
the year of Thy goodness, for the poor of Thy people,
for the widow, and lor the oi-phan, for the proselyte, (^sj

(■■^) If this word, which is probable, is to be taken in its Jewish
uieauiug, it must fix the date of this intercession to a period of
the most remote antiquity, jjrior to the destruction of Jerusalem.

for all of us who hope in Thee, and who are called by
Thy holy Name : for the eyes of all wait upon Thee,
and Thou givest them their meat in due season. Thou
That givest meat to all flesh, fill our hearts with joy
and gladness, that we always, having all sufficiency
in all things, may abound unto every good work, in
Christ Jesus our Lord.

King of kings, and Lord of Lords, ***** the
kingdom of Thy servant, the orthodox and Christ-
loving king, whom Thou hast vouchsafed to rule over
the land in peace and might and justice. * * * * (j
God, every enemy, both native and foreign. Lay
hand upon the shield and buckler, and stand up to
help him ; bring forth the spear, and stop the way
against them that persecute him. Cover his head in
tlie day of battle : cause them that spring from his
loins * * * * (^26^ [speak good things to his heart] for
Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, and all the
people that loveth Christ ; that we also in his tran-
quility may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all
godliness and honesty. Give rest to the souls of our ^
fathers and brethren that have heretofore slept in the
faith of Christ, O Lord our God, remembering our
ancestors, fathers, patriarchs, prophets. Apostles,
martyrs, confessors. Bishops, holy and just persons,
every spirit that has departed in the faith of Christ, .
and those whom to-day we keep in memory [and our
holy father Mark, the Apostle and Evangelist, who
made known to us the way of salvation].

[Hail, thou that art full of grace, the Lord is with
thee J blessed art thou among women, and blessed is

(^) We may, I think, see in the broken and corrupted state of
the petitions lor the Emperor, that tliey formed no ])art of the
orif^inal Liturgy, but were a later edition, when the Government
had become Cliristiau.

the fruit of thy womb, because Thou didst bring forth
the Saviour of the woi'ld,] {aloud) especially the
most holy, stainless, blessed, our Lady, Mother of God
and ever- Virgin.-

Deacon. Sir, pray for a blessing.

Priest. The Lord shall bless thee with His grace,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.

The Deacon reads the Dipfychs of the departed, (^"f)
The P7'iest bows down and prays :

And to the spirits of all these give rest, our Master,
Lord and God, in the tabernacles of Thy Saints,
vouchsafing to them in Thy kingdom the good things
of Thy promise, (-s) which eye hath not seen, and ear
hath not heard, and it hath not entered into tlie heart
of man, the things which Thou hast prepared, O God,
for them that love Thy holy Name. Grant rest to
their souls, and vouchsafe to them the kingdom of

(27) That is to say, the names of the former Prelates of the See ,
and of celebrated benefactors to the Church, The name is
derived from their being inscribed on a board with two leaves,
like a modern book : just as Triptych is a board with three
leaves, two of which overlap and cover the third. The insertion
of a name in tlie Diptychs, or its erasure from them, was equiva-
lent to a declaration that its possessor died in, or out of, the
Communion of the Church ; and hence tierce contests in the
earlier ages, especially between Rome and Constantinople, on this
subject. The only Church which at present retains the lectui-e
of the Diptychs as a part of the Liturgy, is the Mozarabic.

(2'') Observe here, (1 ) one of the many examples of prayers for
the dead as an Isapostolic practice; (2) that, nevertheless, every
single expression contained in them militates against the doctrine
of a purgatory, — i e., in the sense of a place ot pain. As this is
a subject of such great importance, I have thrown together in an
Appendix the prayers for the departed contained in the principal
Liturgies not here translated ; the exceeding beauty of the lan-
guage will render them acceptable to those who have no need of
a proof of the doctrine.

heaven ; and to us grant that the end of our lives may
be Christian and well-pleasing to Thee, and without
sin, and grant to us to have a portion and a lot with
all Thy saints. The thank-offerings of them that
offer sacrifices and oblations receive, O God, to
Thy holy and super-celestial and rational altar, to
the height of the heavens, by Thy arch-angelic
ministry ; of them that offered much or little, secretly
and with open boldness, of them that desired and had
not wherewithal to offer: and of them that have brought
this day their oblations: as Thou didst receive the gifts
of Thy righteous servant Abel ; [mid the Priest offers '
incense, and saith,] thesacrificeof our father Abraham,
the incense of Zacharias, the alms of Cornelius, and
the two mites of the widow, receive also their thank-
offerings, and give to them instead of things earthly,
things heavenly ; instead of things temporal, things
eternal. The most holy and blessed Pope N., whom
Thou didst foreknow and * * * to take in hand the
government of Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic
Church, and our most sacred Bishop N, guard them
by Thy care, for many years, in peaceful times, ac-
complishing Thy holy Archpriesthood entrusted to
them by Thee, according to Thy holy and blessed will,
rightly dividing the word of truth. And remember
also all orthodox Bishops everywhere. Presbyters,
Deacons, Sub-deacons, Readers, Singers, Monks, ever-
virgins, widows, laymen. Remember, O Lokd, the
holy city (-9) of Christ our God, and the reigning

(-S) Notice the extreme antiquity of this collocation, which
places Jeru><alem first. I am inclined to think that the "reigning
city " is not Constantinoi)le, but Rome ; since it is hardly likely
that, were this clause posterior to the time of Constantine, three
of the Patriarchal thrones should be mentioned without that which
was by universal consent, the first. Anyhow it is remarkable,

city, and this our city, every city and recjion, and
those that dwell in it in the orthodox faith of Christ,
their peace and safety. Remember, O Lord, every
Christian soul in affliction and trouble, that needs the
mercy and succour of God, and the conversion of
them that have wandered. Remember, O Lord, our
brethren that are in bonds ; grant them to find mercy
and pity in the sight of all those that have carried
them captive. Remember, O Lord, also us, as sin-
ners and Thy unworthy servanls, and blot out our
sins as the good God, and Lover of men. Remember,
( ) Lord, also me. Thy humble and sinful and unworthy
servant, and blot out my sins, as the God that is the
Lo"per of men. Be present with us who are minister-
ing to Thy all-holy Name. Bless, O Lord, our
congregations. Hoot out idolatry Avholly from the
world: bruise Satan and all his power and wickedness
beneath our feet. The enemies of Thy Church, O
Lord, as at all times, so now also humble. Lay bare
their pride, speedily make manifest their weakness ;
bring to nought their plots and their villainy which
they employ against us. Arise, O Lord, and let
Thine enemies be scattered, and let all them that hate
Thy holy Name flee backward, (so) [Bless] Thy faith-
ful and orthodox people, them that do Thy holy will,
with a thousand thousand and ten thousand times ten
thousand blessings.

Deacon. Ye that are sitting, stand up.

Priest. Free them that are bound, bring forth them
that are in necessities. Satisfy the hungry, comfort

that Rome is either omitted altogether, or is preceded by Jeru-
salem; and that, too, in the Litnrgy of Alexandria, the Church,
■which, of all in the East, clung most closely to the Latin See.

(3o) The passage is manifestly corrupt : but this is the sense.

the pusillanimous, convert them that have strayed,
enlitrliten them that are in darkness, raise the fallen,
establish those that are wavering, heal the sick : direct
all, O good God, into the way of salvation, and unite
them to Thy holy flock ; and preserve us from our
iniquities, being in all things our guard, and our
defender.

Deacon. To the East.

The I*?'iest bows down and prays.

Thou art above all power and dominion, and might,
and principality, and every name that is named not
only in this world but also in that which is to come.
Round Thee stand thousand thousands, and ten thou-
sand times ten thousand armies of holy angels and
archangels. Round Thee Thy two most honourable
creatures, the Cherubin with many eyes, and the
Seraphim with six wings, with twain whereof they
cover their feet, with twain their face, and with twain
they do fly; and cry one to the other with incessant
voices and perpetual praise, singing, vociferating,
glorifying, crying, and saying to the Majesty of Thy
glory, the triumphal Trisagion : Holy, Holy, Holy,
Lord of Sabaoth : heaven and earth are full of Thy
holy glory. {Aloud.) Thou ever sanctifiest all: but
with all that glorify Thee, receive, O Lord, our praise
also, who with them laud Thee and say,

People. Holy, Holy, Holy Lord.

The Priest signs the Holy Mysteries with the Cross,

saying,

Verily earth and heaven are full of Thy holy glory,
through the manifestation of our Loud and God and
Saviour Jesus Christ: fulfll also, O God, this
sacrifice with Thy heavenly blessing, by the coming

down on it of Thy most Holy Ghost. Fortlie Lord
Himself and our God and universal King, Jesus
Christ, in the night wherein He surrendered Himself
for our sins, and .... [underwent] death in the flesh
for all, sitting down at supper with his holy Disciples
and Apostles, took bread (^i) in His holy and pure
and spotless hands, looked up to Thee His own Father,
our God and the God of all, and gave thanks, and
blessed, and hallowed, and brake, and distributed to
His holy and blessed Disciples and Apostles, saying,
{aloud) Take, eat.

Deacon. Pray earnestly.

Priest. For this is My Body which is broken for
you, and distributed for the remission of sins.

Choir. Amen-

Priest. Likewise also the cup after supper, having
taken, and mingled with wine and water, and looking
up to heaven to Thee His own Father, our God, and
the God of all, He gave thanks. He blessed. He filled
with the Holy Ghost, He distributed it to His holy
and blessed Apostles and Disciples, saying, {aloud)
Drink ye all of this.

Deacon. Yet pray earnestly.

Priest. This is My Blood of the New Testament,
which is shed and distributed for you and for many
for the remission of sins.

People. Amen.

Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me. For as often

(31) The points dwelt on in tlie Oriental Liturgies with respect
to the institution of the Blessed Eucharist, are principally these.
Of the bread J that our Lord (1) looked up to Heaven : (2) took
leavened hvead. : (3) blessed : (4) brake: (5) Himself received:
(0) distributed to His Apostles. Of the Chalice : (1) that He
mingled it with wine and water : (2) looked up to heaven : (3)
blessed : (4) Himself received : (5) distributed to His Apostles.
In Appendix II., I give the words of institution from all known
Liturgies.

as ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye shew forth
My death, and confess My Resurrection and Ascen-
sion till I come.

O Almighty Lord and Master, King of heaven, we,
announcing the death of Thine Only-Begotten Son,
our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, and
confessinrr His blessed Resurrection from the dead on
the third day, confess also His Ascension into heaven,
and His session on Thy right hand, His God and
Father, lookins: also for His second and fearful and
dreadful coming, when He shall come to judge the
quick and the dead injustice, and to render to every
man accoiding to His works »

O Lord our God, we have set before Thee Thine
own of Thine own gifts.

And we pray and beseech Thee, (^") O good God

(^■-) We now come to the Invocation of the Holy Ghost, by
which, according to the doctrine of tlie Eastern Cliurch, and not
by the words of institution, the bread and wine are " changed,"
" transmuted," " trauselemented," " transubstantiated," into our
Lord's Body and Blood. This has always been a point of
contention between the two Churches — the time at which the
change takes place. Originally, there is no doubt that the Invo-
cation of tlie Holy Ghost formed a part of all Liturgies. The
Petrine has entirely lost it : the Ephesine (Galilean and Moz-
arabic,) more or less retains it: as do also those mixtures of
the Ephesme and Petrine, — the Ambrosian and the Patriarchine
or Aquileian. To use the words of the authorised Russian cate- .'
chism : " Why is this (the Invocation) so essential ? Because, at |
the moment of this act, the bread and wine are changed or tran- }
substantiated into the very Body of Christ, and into the very f
Blood of Christ. How are we to understand the word Tran- '
substantiation ? In the exposition of the faith by the Eastern
Patriarchs, it is said that the word is not to be taken to define
the manner in which the bread and wine are changed into the
Body and Blood of our Lord ; for tiiis none can understand but
God; but only this much is signified, that the bread, truly,
really, and substantially becomes the very true Body of the Lord,
and the wine the very Blood of the Lord."

and Lover of men, to send down from Thy holy height,
and appointed habitation, and incircumscript bosom,
the very Paraclete, the Spirit of truth, the Holy,
the Lord, the Life-giving : Who spake in the Law
and by the Prophets and the Apostles; Who is every-
where present, and filleth all things, and works of His
own free will, and not as a minister, according to Thy
good pleasure, in those in whom He wills, sanctifica-
lion. One in His nature, manifold in His energies,
Fountain of Divine graces : consubstantial with Thee,
proceeding from Thee, fellow-sharer in the throne of
Thy kingdom, and of Thine Only-Begotten Son, our
Lord and God and Saviour, Jesus Christ. Send
down then on us, and on these loaves, and on these
cups. Thy Holy Ghost, that He may sanctifv and
perfect them, as God Almighty. (Aloud.) And may
make this bread the Body.

People. Amen.

-Priest. And this cup the Blood of the New Testa-
ment, of our very Lord and God and Saviour and
universal King, Jesus Christ.

Deacon. Come down, ye Deacons.

Priest. That they may be to all of us who partici-
pate in them for faith, for sobriety, for healing, for
temperance, for sanctitication, for renovation of soul,
body, and spirit, for participation of the blessed-
ness of eternal life and immortality, for the glory of
Thy holy Name, for the remission of sins, that Thy
most holy and precious and glorious Name may
here, as also in every place, be hallowed, and hymned,
and sanctified with Jesus Cjirist and the Holv
Ghost.

People. As it was and is.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. Pray.

Priest. God of light, Father of life, Author of
^race, Fraraer of the worlds, Founder of knowledge,
Giver of wisdom, Treasure of holiness, Teacher of pure
prayers, Benefactor of the soul. Who givest to the
weak-hearted who trust in Thee those thing's into
which the angels desire to look : Who hast raised us
from the abyss to light, hast given us life from death,
hast granted us freedom from slavery, hast dissolved
in us the darkness of sin by the coming of Thine Only-
Begotten Son ; now also, O Lord, illuminate the
eyes of our understanding by the visitation of Thy
Holy Spirit, that we may without condemnation
partake of this immortal and heavenly food ; and
sanctify us wholly, soul, body, and spirit, that with
Thy holy Disciples and Apostles we may say to Thee
this prayer. Our Fathkr, &c. And make us worthy,
O Lord and Lover of men, with boldness, without
condemnation, with a pure heart, with an enlightened
soul, with a countenance that needeth not to be
ashamed, with hallowed lips, to dare to call upon Thee
our holy God and Father, Which art in heaven,
and to say,

People Our Father, &c. (^3)

Priest. Even so. Lord, Lord, lead us not into
temptation, but deliver us from the evil one : for Thy
great mercy knoweth that we are unable to bear up
through our much infirmity ; but make with the
temptation also a way of escape, that we may be able
to bear it ; for Thou hast given us power to tread on
serpents and scorpions, and on all the might of the

(33) The Lord's Prayer, as is well known, forms a part of
every Liturgy, except the C'lerncntine ; and is always followtd liy
the short 8U])i)lication against temptation, technically known as
the EmbuUsmus

enemy: (aloud) for Thine is the kingdom, and the
power.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. Bow your heads to Jesus.

People. To Thee, O Lord.

Priest. (34) Master, Lord, and God Almighty,
Who sittest upon the Cherubim, and art glorified by
the Seraphim ; Who didst prepare the heaven from the
waters, and didst adorn it with the choirs of the stars;
Who hast arranged the bodiless armies of angels in
the highest, to sing Thy praise everlastingly ; to Thee
we have bowed the neck of our souls and bodies,
signifying the outward appearance of service ; and we
pray Thee, disperse the dark attacks of sin from our
understanding, and enlighten our soul with the divine
rays of Thy Holy Spirit, that we, being filled with
the knowledge of Thee, may worthily participate in
the good things that are set before us, the spotless
Body and precious Blood of Thine Only-Begotten
Son, our Lord and Saviour Jesus Chhist; for-
giving us every kind of sin, through Thy great and

(34) rpjjjg jg ijjg prayer of Intense Adoration, which has its
place in all Oriental Liturgies, and answers to the worship paid
by the Western Church to our Lokd's Sacramental Body and
Blood at the Elevation of the Host. An attempt has been made
to prove that the East does not agree with the AVest in paying
the worshi]> of li/tria to that Body and that Blood, from the
long interval which separates the prayer of Intense Adoration (in
all Liturgies except the present one) from the Invocation of the
Holy Ghost, Nothing can be more futile: the obvious tangible
reason being, that, during the consecration, the holy doors
were closed, or, ii\ the Armenian Church, the veil was drawn; so
that the people could hardly be called on to worship that which
wasmot presented to their eyes, as they can be and are in the
Western Church, where it is so presented. But now the holy
doors are opened ; hence the reason of the position of this prayer.

uninvestigable goodness, througli the grace and mercies
and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son : (aloud)
by Whom and with Whom, be to Thee the glory and
the might, in Thine all-holy and good and life-giving
Spirit.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. With the fear of God.

Priest. Holy, most high, tremendous Lord, Who
restest in the holies : sanctify us, Lord, by the word
of Thy uiace and the visitation of Thy most Holy
Spiuit. For Thou, Lord, hast said, Be ye holy,
for I am holy. O Lord our God, incompreliensibie
Word of God, consubstantial and co-elernal, and
ruUng (35) with the Father and the Holy Ghost,
receive the pure hymn, with Cherubin and Seraphim,
and from me a sinner and Thine unworthy servant,
crying and saying from my unworthy lips,

People. Lord, have mercy, (thrice.)

Priest. Holy Things for Holy Persons. (^^)

One holy Father, one holy Son, one Holy Ghost;
in the unity of the Holy Ghost. Amen.

Deacon. For salvation and succour, &c.

The Priest, signing the people with the sign of the
Cross, saith,

The Lord be with all.

(35) ffuva/ix^; unless, indeed, the true reading be rather
(Tvtavcc^X'} toyether vnth Them without origbi.

('■"') The famous exclamation wliich makes a part of all Eastern
Liturgies, and is accompanied with tlie Elevation of tlie Host.
These words are no doubt of Apostolic origin, and are quoted
over and over again by the Eastern Fathers. It is the more
wonderful that, to carry out a novel theory, an eminent scholar
should lately have attempted to translate them : " The holy things
are lifted up to the holy places."

He breaks the breads and saith,
O praise Gob, (Ps. 150.)

The Priest divides it amony the assista^its, and saith,

The Lord shall bless and minister with vou, through
His great mercy.

Priest. Command.

The Clerks. The Holy Ghost commands and
sanctifies.

Priest. Behold, they are sanctified and consecrated.

The Clerks. One Holy Father, &c. (thrice).

Priest. The Lord be with all.

The Clerks. And with thy spirit.

Priest. Himself hath blessed it.

And, the Priest saith either the prayer^
According to Thy mercy. (^7)
Or else, Psalm xlii. Quemadmodum.

And he communicates. Aiid when he gives the
Com^mmion to any one, he saith,

The Holy Body.

And when he gives the Chalice, he saith,

The precious Blood of our Lord and God and
Saviour.

And when all is ended, he saith,

Stand for prayer.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. Pray.

(37) This prayer, as so much else of the ritual of S. Mark,
appears to be lost.

Priest. We give Thee thanks, Master, Lord, and
our God, for the reception of Thy holy, spotless,
immortal, and heavenly mysteries, which Thou hast
given us for the well-doing and sanctification and sal-
vation of our souls and bodies; and we pray and beseech
Thee, good Lord and Lover of men, to grant that the
participation of the holy Body and precious Blood of
Thine Unly-Begotten Son, may be to faith that shall
not be ashamed, to love unfeigned, to the fulfilment of
piety, to the turning away the enemy, to the keeping
Thy commandments, to a provision on our way to
eternal life, to an acceptable defence before the fearful
tribunal of Thy Christ : {aloud) by Whom and with
Whom, &c.

Then the Priest turns to the people, and saith,

Mighty King and co-sharer of Thy Father's rule,
Who didst by Thy might spoil hell, and trample on
death, and didst raise Adam from the tomb, by Thy
god-like might, and by the illuminative splendour of
Thine ineti'able Godhead, do Thou, O Lokd, by the
participation of Thy spotless Body and precious Blood,
send forth Thine invisible right hand, that is full of
blessings, and bless us all; pity and strengthen by Thy
divine power, and destroy in us the vicious and sinful
working of fleshly lust : enlighten the eyes of our
souls from the darkness of sin that lies around them ;
unite us to the all-blessed company that is well-pleasing
to Thee: for through Thee and with Thee, to the
Father and the Holy Ghost, every hymn is due,
honour, might, adoration, and giving ot than .s, now
and ever, and to ages of ages.

Deacon. Depart in j)eace.

People. In the Name of the Lord.

Priest, {aloud.) The love of God and the Father,
the grace of the Son and our Lord Jesus Christ,
the communion and gift of the Holy Ghost, be with
us all, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

People. Amen. Blessed be the Name of the Loud.

(38) In the printed copies there is another prayer "to be said
in the Sacristy :" which, as clearly having no business in this place,
1 have omitted."

THE DIVINE LITURGY

I. lantiJjj.

Priest. Master, Lord, and our God, reject me not
utterly, though polluted with the multitude of my
sins ; for, behold, I have come to this Thy divine and
heavenly mystery. Not as being worthy, but looking
up to Thy goodness, I address my voice unto Thee.
O God, be merciful to me a sinner : I have sinned
against heaven and before Thee, and am not worthy
to present myself before this Thy sacred and spiritual
Table, whereon Thine only-begotten Son, and our
Lord, Jesus Christ, is mystically set forth as a sacri-
fice for me a sinner, and marked with every stain.
Therefore I offer unto Thee this supplication and
thanksgiving, in order to the sending down upon me
thy Spirit of consolation, to confirm and prepare me
for this service; and do Thou make me worthy to
declare, without condemnation, the word delivered by
me to Thy people from Thee, through Jesus Christ
our Lord ; with Whom Thou art blessed, together
with Thy most holy, and good, and quickening, and
consubstantial Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of
ages. Amen.

Prayer of Standing hefore the Altar.

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the
Holy Ghost, the Trinal and only light of Godhead,
existing. One Substance in Trinity, and undividcdly :

for the OTifi Almighty God is the Trinity, Whose
fijlory the heavens relate, and the earth His power,
and the sea his might, and every sentient and intelli-
gent creature, heralds everywhere His greatness : for
to Him befits all glory, honour, might greatness and
magnificence, now and ever, and to ages of ages.
Amen.

Prayer of the Incense.

Master and Lord, Jesus Christ, O Word of God,
Who didst voluntarily offer Thyself, a spotless sacri-
fice, upon the Cross to God and the Father, the
coal of two natures. Who didst kindle with the tonps
the prophet's lips, and didst take away his sins, kindk
also the perceptions of us sinners, and purify us from
every spot, and cause us to stand pure before Thy
holy altar, that we may offer to Thee the sacrifice of
praise : and receive from us, Thine unpi'ofitable ser-
vants, for a sweet-smelling savour, and make sweet
that which is unsavoury both in our souls and our
bodies ; and sanctify us with the sanctifying power of
Thy most Holy Spirit : for Thou only art holy, Who
sanctifiest, and art distributed to. Thy faithful people;
and glory befits Thee with Thy self existent Father,
and Thy most holy and good and quickening Spjrjt,
now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen.

Introductory Prayer.

O Beneficent King of Ages, and Maker of the
whole Creation, accept Thy Church approaching Thee
through Thy Christ; fulfil that which is profitable
to each ; bring all to perfection ; and make us worthy
of the grace of Thy sanctification ; gathering us
together in Thy holy Church, which Thou hast pur-
chased by the precious blood of Thine Only-Begotten

Son, our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; with
Whom Thou art blessed and glorified, together with
the most holy and good and quickening SpiRiT^now
and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen.

Deacon. Let us yet pray to the Lord.

Priest. O God, Who didst receive the gifts of Abel,
the sacrifice of Noah and Abraham, the incense of
Aaron and Zacharias, receive also out of the hand of
us sinners, this incense for a sweet-smelling savour, and
for the remission of our sins, and of all Thy people;
for Thou art blessed, and to Thee glory is due, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever.

Deacon. Sir, give the blessing.

Priest' Jesus Christ, our Lord and God, Who,
through the exceeding greatness of Thy goodness, and
Thy love not to be restrained, wast crucified, and
didst not refuse to be pierced by the spear and the
nails ; AYho didst provide this mysterious and fearful
rite as an eternal remembrance to us continually ;
bless thy ministry in Christ our God, and bless our
Entrance, and accomplish perfectly the ministration
of this our Liturgy by His ineffable loving-kindness,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Responsory prayer from the Deacon.

The Lord bless and vouchsafe to us to bring pre-
sents to Him seraphically, and to sing the widely-
celebrated hymn of the divine Trisagion, by the
measureless fullness of all the completeness of sancti-
fication, now and ever, (i)

(') These prayers, except the first and fourth, have a compara-
tively later origin, and cannot be considered more ancient than
the time of S. Proclus.

The Deacon sings in the Entrance.

Only-Begotten Son and Word of God, immortal,
Who didst vouchsafe for our salvation to take flesh
of the holy Mother of God, and Ever- Virgin Mary,
and didst without mutation become man, and wast
crucified, Christ, our God, and by death didst over-
come death, being one of the Holy Trinity, and
glorified together with the Father and the Holy
-Ghost, save us.

The Priest saith this prayer from the gates to the

Altar.

O God, the Almighty and glorious Lord, Who
hast given to us an Entrance to the Holy of Holies,
fey the sojourning on earth of Thine Only-Begotten
Son, our Lord, and God, and Saviour, Jesus Christ,
we beseech and supplicate Thy goodness, seeing that
we are full of fear and trembling, when about to stand
before Thy holy Altar, send down upon us, O Lord,
Thy good grace, and sanctify our souls and bodies
and spirits, and change our dispositions to piety, that
we, with a pure conscience, may offer to Thee gifts,
presents, fi-uits, to the putting away of our transgres-
sions and for the propiation of all Thy people, through
the grace and mercies, and love to man of Thine Only-
Begotten Son, with Whom Thou art blessed to ages
of a^es. Amen.

"tj"

And after entering to the Altar, the Priest saith —

Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

P7-iest. The Lord bless us all, and hallow us in
the entrance and hierurgy of the divine and spotless
Mysteries, giving peace also to the blessed souls with

the holy and the just, through His grace and love to
man, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen.

Then the Deacon saith the Collect— In peace let u*
make our supplication to the Lord.

For the peace that is from above, and the loving-
kindness of God, and the salvation of our souls, let
us make our supplication to the Lord.

For the peace of the whole world^ '^nd the union of
all the holy Churches of God, let us make ouv suppli-
cation to the Lord.

For the forgiveness of our sins, and the remission ot
our transgressions, and that we may be preserved
from all aiSiction, passion, danger, and necessity, and
the insurrection of our enemies, let us make our sup-
plication to the Lord.

IVien the Singers sing the hymn of the Trisagion.

Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and Immortal,,
have mercy upon us.

Priest. Merciful and pitiful, long-suffering, and
gracious, and true Lord, look upon us from Thy
prepared habitation, and hear us Thy suppliants, and
preserve us from all temptation whether of the devil
or of man, and set not Thy help far from us, nor
bring upon us chastisements heavier than we can bear :
for we are not able to conquer the things which are
adverse to us : but Thou art able, O Lord, to save
us from all adversities. Save us, O God, from the
difficulties of this world, according to Thy goodness j
that we, entering with a pure conscience to Thy holy
Altar, may without blame send up to Thee, together
with the celestial, the blessed hymns of the Trisagion ;
and, accompHshing the Liturtiy, well-pleasing to Thee
and divine, may be counted worthy of everlasting life.

Exclamation. For Thou art holy, O Lord, our
God, and Thou dwellest and restest in the HoUes,
and to Thee we ascribe glory, and the hymn of the
Trisagion, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and
ever, and to ages of ages.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

The Singers. Alleluia !

Then are read consecutively (") the sacred oracles of the
Old l^est anient and the Prophets ; and the Incar-
nation of the Son of Alan, His sufferings and
Resurrection from the dead, His Ascension into
heaven, atid His Second Coming with glory, are set
forth. And this is done every {^) day in the holy
and Divine Service. And after the reading and
teaching, the Deacon says.

Let us all say. Lord, have mercy.

Lord, Almighty, God of our Fathers, we beseech
Thee to hear us.

For the peace that is from above, and the salvation
of our souls, let us make our supplication to the
Lord.

For the peace of the whole world, and the unity of
the holy Churches of God, let us make our supplica-
tion to the Lord.

For the salvation and succour of all the Christ-
loving jieople, we beseech Thee to hear us.

Q) lii^adiKarara.. So they usually interpret the word, though
.others will have it to mean at very great length. The Rubric is
„of the most venerable antiquity.

(3) licif ixaa-rnv. It is most natural to understand ri/ai^av. This
passage is anotlier proof that the Primitive Liturgies were not
rfionfined to Sunday only.

That we may be delivered from all affliction, pas-
sion, danger, and necessity, bondage, bitter death, and
our iniquities, we beseech Thee to hear us.

For the people that is standing round about, and
expecting the rich and great mercy that is Irom i hee,
we beseech Thee be compassionate and have mercy.

Save, O Lord, Thy people, and bless Thine inhe-
ritance.

Visit Thy world in mercy and loving-kindnesses.

Raise the horn of Christians, by the might of the
precious and quickening Cross.

We beseech Thee, O Lord of many mercies, hear
us who supplicate Tliee, and have mercy.

People {tkrice.) Lord, have mercy.

Deacon. For the forgiveness of our sins, and the
remission of our offences, and that we may be pre-
served from all affliction, passion, danger, and neces-
sity, let us make our supphcation to the Lord.

Let us beseech from the Lord, that we may pass
through this whole day in perfectness, holiness, peace,
and sinlessness.

Let us beseech from the Lord, an Angel of peace,
a faithful guide, guardian of uur souls and bodies.

Let us beseech from the Lord, pardon and remis-
sion of our sins and transgressions.

Let us beseech from the Lord, such things as are
good and convenient to our souls, and peace to the
world.

Let us beseech from the Lord, that we may accom-
plish the remainder of our lives in peace and health.

Let us beseech that the ends of our life may be
Christian, without pain, and without shame, and a
good answer at the dreadful and fearful judgment-seat
of Christ.

Priest. For Thou art the good tidings, and the

illumination, the Saviour and the Guardian of our
souls and bodies, God, and Thy Only-Begotten Son,
and Thy all-holy Spirit, now and ever.

People. Amen.

Priest. Commemorating our all-holy, spotless,
exceeding glorious Lady, the Mother of God, and
ever- Virgin Mary, with all Saints and just men, let us
commend ourselves and each other, and all our life to
Christ, our God.

People. To Thee, O Lord.

Priest. O God, Who hast sounded into our ears
Thy divine and salutary oracles, illuminate the souls
of us sinners to the comprehension of that which has
been before read, so that ^xe may not only be seen to
be hearers of spiritual things, but doers of good works,
following after faith without guile, blameless life,
conversation without charge of guilt.

Exclamation. In Christ Jesus our Lord, with
Whom Thou art blessed, with Thy most holy and
good and quickening Spirit, now and ever, and to
ages of ages.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Let us bow our heads to the Lord.

People. To Thee, O Lord.

Priest. Lord and Giver of Life, Supplier of good
things, Thou That didst give to men the blessed hope
of everlasting life, our Lord Jesus Christ, vouchsafe
that we may in holiness accomplish this divine Liturgy
to Thee, to the enjoyment of future blessedness.

Exclamation. To the end that we, ever guarded by
Thy might, and conducted to the light of truth, may
send up to Thee glory and thanksgiving, Father
Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever.

People. Amen.

Deacon. Let none of the Catechumens, let none of
the uninitiated, let none of those who are not able to
join with us in prayer ; — look upon ('*) one another.
The doors ! All upright ! Let us pray yet to the
Lord.

Prayer of the Incense.
Pr?es^. Master, Almighty,King of Glory ,Whoknowest
all things before their origin, be Thyself present with
us who call upon Thee in this holy hour, and ransom
us from the shame of our falls. Purify our mind and
our thoughts from impure concupiscences and worldly
deceit, and every diabolic influence ; and receive from
the hands of us sinners this Incense, as Thou didst
receive to Thyself the offering of Abel and Noe, and
Aaron and Samuel, and all Thy Saints ; defending us
from every evil thing, and preserving us to the being
evermore well-pleasing to Thee, and worshipping Thee,
the Father and Thine Only-Begotten Son, and Thy
most Holy Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

And the Readers begin the Cheruhic Hymn.

Let us, who mystically represent the Cherubin, and
sino- the thrice-holy hymn to the quickening Trinity,
lay by at this time all worldly cares, that we may
receive the King of Glory, invisibly attended by the
angelic orders. Alleluia. (5)

Priest. Let all mortal flesh keep silence, and stand
with fear and trembling, and ponder notliing earthly
in itself; for the King of Kings and Lord of Lords,

(4) So as to be sure that none, whom any worshipper knew to
be a Catechumen or heretic, might conceal himself in the

court.

(^) See this hymn in the Liturgy of S. Mark.

Chrtst our God, cometh forwai'd to be sacrificed and
to be given for food to the faithful ; and He is pre-
ceded by the choirs of the Angels, with every Domi-
nation and Power, the many-eyed Cherubim, and the
six-winged Seraphim, that cover their faces, and
vociferate the hymn, Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia.

Tlie Priest brings in the Holy Gifts, and saith
this prayer. {^)

0 God, our God, Who didst send forth the heavenly
Bread, the nourishment of the whole world, our Lord
Jesus Christ as our Saviour and Ransomer and
benefactor, blessing and sanctifying us, Thyself bless
this offering, and receive it to Thy super-celestial
Altar. Remember, as good and the Lover of men,
them that brought it, and them for whom they brought
it : and continually guard us without condemnation, in
the hierurgy of Thy divine mysteries. For hallowed
and glorified is Thine all-honourable and majestic
name, of Father, and Son, and of Holy Ghost, now
and ever, and to ages of ages.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. Sir, give the blessing.

Priest. Blessed be God, Who blesseth and halloweth
us all at the offering of the divine and spotless mys-
teries, and giveth rest to the blessed souls with the
Saints and the just, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Deacon. Let us attend in wisdom.

The Priest begins —

1 believe in one God the Father Almighty,
Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible

(^) The Great Entrance : for which see the parallel passage in
the Liturgy of S. Mark.

and invisible : and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the
Only-Begotten Son of God, begotten of His Father
before all worlds. Light of Light, very God of very
God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with
the Father ; by Whom all things were made : Who
for us men, and for our salvation came down froin
heaven, and was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of
the Virgin Mary, and was made man, and was cruci-
fied also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered
and was buried, and the third day He rose again
according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven,
and sitteth on the right hand of the F'ather. And
He shall come again with glory to judge both the
quick and the dead : Whose kingdom shall have no
end. And I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord
and Giver of Life, Who proceedeth from the Father ; |
Who with the Father and the Son together is wor-
shipped and glorified, Who spake by the Prophets.
And I believe one Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church.
I acknowledge one Baptism ibr the remission of sins.
And I look tor the Resurrection of the dead, and the
life of the world to come. Amen.

Then he prayetlt, bowing the nech.

God and Master of all things, make us, the unworthy,
O Lover of men, worthy of this hour, that we, remain-
ing pure from all guile and all hypocrisy, may be
united together by the bond of peace and of love, being
stablished by the sanctification of Thy divine know-
ledge, through Thine Only-Begotten Son, our Lord
and SAViouR Jesus Christ: with Whom.

Beacon. Let us stand well ; let us stand piously ;
let us stand with the fear of God, and compunction of
heart. In the place of the Lord, let us pray.

Priest. For the God of peace, mercy, love, bowels

of compassion, and love to man, art Thou and Thine
Only-Begotten Son, and Thine all-holy Spirit, now
and ever.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Let us kiss one another (J) with an holy
kiss. Let us bow our heads to the Lord.

The Priest bowing down, saith this prayer.

Thou Who alone art Lord and merciful God, on
them that bow down their necks before Thine holv
Altar, and seek the spiritual gifts that are from Thee,,
send forth Thy good grace ; and bless us all with every
spiritual blessing, that cannot be taken away, Thou
Who dwellest on high, and regardest things that are
humble.

Exclamation. For laudable and adorable and exceed-
ing glorious is Thy most holy Name, of Fatheij,
Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of
ages.

Deacon. Sir, give the blessing.

Pritst. The Lord shall bless, and shall minister
with all of us in His grace and love to men. And
again. The Lord shall bless, and make us worthy oi
standing before His holy Altar, always, now and ever.,
and to ages. And again. Blessed be God, Whc
blesseth and sanctifieth all of us in our presence at,
and hierurgy of. His spotless mysteries, now and ever,
and to ages. (^)

(') Observe that the Kiss of Peace follows the Creed in this
Liturgy — precedes it in that of S, Mark.

(^) It is not easy to say whether these are different versions of
the same blessing, or whether tliey bear any reference to the
Blessed Trinity.

The Deacon makes the universal Litany.

In peace let us make our supplication to the Lord.

People. Lord have mercy. (9)

For the peace that is from above, and the love of
God, and the salvation of our souls, let us make our
supplication to the Lord. [Each clatcse ends in the
same wai/.]

For the peace of the whole world, and the unity of
all the holy Churches of God.

For them that bear fruit and do good deeds in the
holy Churches of God, that remember the poor, the
widows and the orphans, the strangers, and them that
are in need ; and for them that have desired us to
make mention of them in our prayers.

For them that are in old age and infirmity, the sick,
the distressed, and that are vexed of unclean spirits,
their speedy healing from God and salvation.

For them that lead their lives in virginity, and
purity, and asceticism, and in venerable marriage,
and them that carry on their struggle in the caves and
dens (10) and holes of the earth, our holy fathers and
brothers.

For Christians that sail, that journey, that are
strangers, and for our brethren that are in bonds and
exiles, and imprisonment and bitter slavery, their
peaceful return.

For the forgiveness of our sins and remission of our
offences, and that we may be preserved from all
affliction, passion, danger and necessity, and the insur-
rection of enemies.

('-') The Deacon in the printed texts, continues. Preserve, have
pity, and guard us, O God, by Thy grace. This petition is
clearly luisjiiaced here : it may have belonged to the end. Com-
jiare this " Catliolic Synapte " with the Ectene of the Liturgy of
S. Clu-ysostoui.

('") A clause probably added in the 4th century.

For good temperature of the atmosphere, peaceful
showers, pleasant clews, abundance of fruits, fulness of
a good season, and for the crown of the year.

For those, our fathers and brethren, that are present
and praj^ touether with us in this holy hour and at all
seasons, their diligence, labour, and readiness.

And for every Christian soul in affliction and dis-
tress, and needing the mercy and succour of God, and
for the conversion of the erring, the health of the sick,
i the rescue of the prisoners, the rest of them that have
departed afore, our fathers and brethren.

That our prayer may be heard and acceptable before
God, and that His rich mercies and pities may be
sent down upon us.

Let us commemorate the most holy, spotless, ex-
ceedingly gloi'ious, blessed Lady the Mother of God
and Ever-Virgin Mary, with all the Saints together,
' that we may obtain mercy through their prayers and
intercessions.

And for the proposed, precious, heavenly, ineffable,
spotless, glorious, fearlul, terrible, divine gifts, and
the salvation of the Priest that stands by and offers
them, let us supplicate the Lord our God.

People. Lord have mercy.

Then the Priest sig^is the Gifts with the Cross, and
standing saith secretly thus —

Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace,
good-will to men. (^Thrice.)

O Lord, open Thou my lips, and my mouth shall
shew forth Tiiy praise. (IVirice. )

Let my mouth be filled with Thy praise, O Lord,
that I may set fori h Thy glory, and Thy majesty all
the day long. (^Thrice.)

Of the Father. Amen. And of the Sox. Amen.

And of the Holy Ghost. Amen. Now and ever,
and to aojes of a^es. Amen.

And bowing to this side and that, he saith —

O magnify' the Lord with me, and let us exalt His
Name together.

And they answer, bowing down.

The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the
power of the Highest shall overshadow thee.

And the Priest at length.

Lord and Master, Thou That dost visit us with
mercies and loving-kindnesses which has freely given
boldness to us Thy humble and sinful and unworthy
servants, to stand before Thy holy Altar, and to offer
to Thee the fearful and unbloody sacrifice for our sins
and for the ignorance of the people, look upon me,
Thine unprofitable servant, and blot out my sins by
Thy tender mercy ; and cleanse my lips and heart from
all pollution of flesh and spirit ; and remove from me
every unseemly and foolish thought, and make me fit,
by the might of Thine all-holy Spirit, for this
Liturgy ; and receive me by Thy goodness, approach-
ing to Thy holy Altar ; and vouchsafe, O Lord, that
these gifts, brought to Thee by our hands may be
acceptable, condescending to my weaknesses : and
cast me not away from Thy Face, neither ahbor Thou
mine unworthiness : but pity me according to Thy
great mercy, and according to the multitude of Thy
loving-kindnesses pass by my tears and passion : that
I, coming blamelessly into the presence of Thy jilory,
may be counted w^orthy of the protection of Thine
Only-Begotten Son, and of the illumination of the
most Holy Spirit ; and may not, as a slave of sin,

be rejected, but, as Thy servant, may find grace and
mercy and remission of sins before Tliee, in this world
and in that which is to come. Yea, all-ruling Master,
Almighty Lord, hear my supplication ; for Thou art
He That workest all in all, and we all seek in all
things after the succour and assistance that is from
Thee and Thine Only-Begotten Son, and the good and
quickening and consubstantial Spirit, now and for
ever.

O God, Who through Thy great and ineffable love
to man didst send Thine Only-Begotten Son into the
world, that He might turn back again the sheep that
had gone astray ; turn us not back, sinners, that take
hold of Thee in the fearful and unbloody sacrifice :
for we trust not in our own righteousness, but in Thy
good mercy, by which Thou redeemest to Thyself our
race. We supplicate and beseech Thy goodness that
this Mystery planned for our salvation may not be
to condemnation to Thy people, but to the blotting
out of sin, to the renewal of souls and bodies, to the
well-pleasing of Thee our God and Father, in the
mercy and love to men of Thine Only-Begotten Son,
with Whom Thou art blessed, with, &c.

Lord God, Thou That didst form us and bring us
to life. Thou That hast manifested to us ways to sal-
vation ; Thou That hast vouchsafed to us the revela-
tion of celestial Mysteries, and didst place us in this
ministry in the might of Thine all-holy Spirit : vouch-
safe, Master, that we may be servants of I'hy New
Testament, ministers of Thy spotless mysteries, and
according to the multitude of Thy mercy receive us
who approach to Thy holy Altar, that we may be
worthy to offer to Thee gifts and sacrifices for our own
ignorances and for those of the people ; and grant us,
O Lord, with all fear and with a good conscience to

set before Thee this spiritual and unbloody sacrifice,
which receiviiig into Thy holy and super-celestial and
rational Altar, for a savour of spiritual sweetness,
send down to us in its stead the grace of Thine
all-holy Spirit. Yea, O God, look upon us, and
have regard to this our reasonable sacrifice, and
received, as Thou didst receive the gifts of Abel,
the sacrifices of Noe, the priestly offerings of Moses
and Aaron, the peace-off"erings of Samuel, the repent-
ance of David, the incense of Zacharias : as Thou
didst receive from the hand of Thine Apostle this
true worship, thus receive also from the hands of us
sinners, in Thy goodness, these gifts that are laid before
Thee. And grant that our oblations may be well-
pleasing to Thee and hallowed by the Holy Ghost,
for a propitiation of our transgressions, and of the j
ignorances of the people, and for the repose of the
souls that have fallen asleep; that Ave also. Thy
humble and sinful, and unworthy servants, being
counted worthy to minister without guile to Thy holy
Altar, may receive the reward of faithful and wise
stewards, and may find grace and mercy in the fearful
day of Thy just and good recompense.

Prayer of the Veil, (i^)

We render thanks to Thee, Lord our God, for that
Thou hast given us boldness to the entrance in of Thy
holy places, the new and living way which Thou hast
consecrated for us through the veil of the Flesh of
Thy Christ. We therefore, to whom it hath been
vouchsafed to enter into the place of the tabernacle of

(11) Because the Veil is now raised, and the Holy Mysteries
exposed to view.

Thy glor}', and to be within the veil, and to behold
the Holy of Holies, fall down before Thy goodness :
Master, have mercy upon us : since we are full of fear
and dread, when about to stand before Thy holy Altar,
and to offer this fearful and unbloody sacrifice for our
sins and for the ignorances of the people. Send forth,
O God, Thy good grace, and hallow our souls, and
bodies, and spirits ; and change our disposition to
piety, that in a pure conscience we may present to
Thee the mercy of peace, the sacrifice of praise. (^-)

Exclamation. Through the mercy and love to men,
and Thine Only-Begotten Son, with likewise.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. Let us stand with piety; let us stand with
the fear of God and compunction of heart ; let us
attend to the holy Anaphora, to offer peace [i.e., a
peace-offering] to God.

People. 'J'he mercy of peace, the sacrifice of praise.

Priest. And do Thou, uncovering the veils of
enigmas which mystically surround this holy rite ;
make them gloriously manifest to us ; and till our
intellectual eyes with incomprehensible light; and,
having cleansed our poverty Irom every pollution of
flesh and speck, make it worthy of this fearful and
dread ministration : for Thou art the God of exceedinjr
tender mercy : and to 'ihee we send up the glory and
the giving of thanks to the Father, the Sow, and the
Holy Ghost, now and ior ever.

Then he exclaims —

(12) Notice the sublime depth of this prayer, which seems per-
fectly apostolic. Did the writer quote S. Paul, {Heb. x. 19, 20,)
or did S. Paul, in writing to the Hebrews, quote their own
Liturgy ?

[Here beginneth the Anaphora.]

Tlie love of the Lord and Father, the g;race
of the Lord and Son, the communion and gift of the
Holy Ghost, be with us all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Priest. Lift we up our mind and our hearts.

People. It is meet and right.

Priest. It is verily meet and right, fitting and due,
to praise Thee, to hymn Thee, to bless Thee, to wor-
ship Thee, to glorify Thee, to give thanks to Thee,
Who madest all creation visible and invisible ; the
Treasure of eternal goods, the Fountain of life and
immortality, the God and Master of all things, Whom
heaven, and the heaven of heavens hymn, and all their
powers : the sun and the moon and all the choir of
the stars ; the earth, the sea, and all that is in them ;
Jerusalem the celestial assembly, the Church of the
First-born written in heaven : the spirits of just men
and of Prophets ; the souls of Martyrs and Apostles ;
Angels, Archangels, thrones, dominations, principali-
ties, virtues, and the tremendous powers ; the Che-
rubin of many eyes, and the Seraphim that have six
wings, with twain whereof they cover their faces, and
with twain their feet, and with twain they do fly,
crying one to the other, with ceaseless tongues and
perpetual doxologies, the triumphal hymn to the
majesty of Thy glory, singing with a loud voice, cry-
ing, praising, vociferating, and saying.

Choir. Holy, Holy, Holy Lord of Sabaoth ; hea-
ven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in the
highest : blessed is He that cometh in the Name of
the Lord: Hosanna in the highest.

Holy art Thou, King of ages, and Lord and Giver
of all holiness: holy also 'ihine Unly-Begotten Son,

our Lord Jesus Christ, by Whom Thou didst make
all things : holy also the Holy GHosT,Who searcheth
all things, yea, even the deep things of God : holy art
Thou, O Omnipotent, Almighty, Good, Tremendous,
Long-suffering, and of great compassion towards Thy
creatures : Thou Who didst make man from the earth
after Thine image and likeness : and didst give him
the delight of Paradise, and when he transgressed Thy
commandment and fell, Thou didst not disregard nor
leave him, O good God : but didst correct him as a
tender Father, didst call him by the law, didst educate
him by the Prophets ; and lastly didst send forth into
the world Thine Only-begotten Son, our Lord Jesus
Christ, that He might come and renew and restore
in us Thine image : Who descended from heaven, and
being incarnate of the Holy Ghost and Marv the
Virgin and Mother of God, and having had His con-
versation with men, accomplished all the dispensation
for the salvation of our race, and Who being about to
endure His voluntary and life-giving death on the
Cross, the sinless, for us sinners, in the night wherein
He was betrayed, or rather surrendered Himself for
the life and salvation of the world, {here the Priest
takes the bread in his hands,) taking bread in His
holy and spotless and pure and immortal hands, and
looking up to heaven, and shewing it to Thee, His
God and Father, He gave thanks, and hallowed,
and brake, and gave to us His Apostles and Disciples,
saying.

The Deacons. For the remission of sins and eternal
life.

Priest (aloud.) Take, eat : this is My Body which
is broken for you, and is given for the remission of
sins.

People. Amen.

Then he takes the ctqj, and saith,

Likewise also the cup after supper, having taken,
and mixed it with wine and water, and having looked
up to heaven, and displayed it to Thee, His God and
Father, He gave thanks, and hallowed, and blessed,
and filled with the Holy Ghost, and gave it to us.
His Disciples, saying,

Drink ve all of this :

This is My Blood of the New Testament, which for
you and for many is shed and distributed for the
remission of sins.

People. Amen.

Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me. For as
often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye set
forth the death of the Son of Man, and confess His
resurrection, till He come.

Deacon. We believe and confess.

People. We set forth Thy death, O Lord, and
confess Thy resurrection.

Priest. We therefore also, sinners, remembering
His life-giving Passion, His salutary Cross, His
Death, and Resurrection from the dead on the third
day. His ascension into heaven, and session on the
right hand of Thee, His God and Father, and His
glorious and terrible coming again, when He shall
come with glory to judge the quick and the dead, and
to render to every man according to his works, offer
to Thee, O Lord, this tremendous and unbloody sacri-
fice, beseeching Thee that Thou wouldst not deal with
us after our sins, nor reward us according to our
iniquities : but according to Thy gentleness and ineff-
able love, passhig by and blotting out the hand-writing
that is against us. Thy suppliants, wouldst grant us
Thy heavenly and eternal gifts, which eye hath not

seen, nor ear heard, neither hath it entered into the
heart of man to conceive the things which Thou, O
God, hast prepared for them that love Thee. And
set not at nought Thy people, O Lord and Lover of
men, for me and for my sins {He repeats thrice.)
For Thy people and Thy Church supphcate Thee

People. Have mercy upon us, Lord God, Father
Almighty.

Priest. Have mercy on us, God Almighty.

Have mercy on us, God our Saviour.

Have mercy on us, O God, according to Thy
great goodness, and send upon us, and upon these
proposed gifts. Thy most Holy Ghost, {he bends his
head,) the Lord and Life-giving ; sharer of the throne
and of the kingdom with Thee, God and Father,
and Thine Only-Begotten Son, consubstantial and
co-eternal. Who spake in the Law, and the Prophets,
and Thy New Testament, Who descended in the form
ofadoveon our Lord Jesus C^hrist in the river
Jordan, and rested on Him, Who descended upon Thy
holy Apostles in the likeness of fiery tongues in the
upper room of the holy and glorious Sion, at the day
of Pentecost : send down the same most Holy Ghost,
Lord, upon us, and upon these holy and proposed
gifts, {he raises himself and saith aloud,) that coming
upon them with His holy and good and glorious pre-
sence, He may hallow and make this bread the holy
Body of Thy Christ.

People. Amen.

Priest. And this cup the precious Blood of Thy
Christ.

People. Amen.

Priest, rising vp, in a low voice.
That they may be to those that partake of t'lem, for

remission of sins, and for eternal life, for sanctification
of souls and bodies, for bringing forth good works, for
the confirmation of Thy Holy Catholic Church, which
Thou hast founded upon the rock of faith, that the
gates of hell may not prevail against it ; freeing it
from all heresy and scandals, and from them that
work wickedness, and preserving it till the consum-
mation of all things. {Bendmrj his head, he continues.)
We offer them also to Thee, O Lord, for Thy holy
places which Thou hast glorified by the divine appa-
rition of Thy Christ, and by the advent of Thine All-
Holy Spirit : especially for the glorious Sion, the
mother of all Churches. And for Thy holy Catholic
Apostolic Church throughout the world. Supply it, O
Lord, even now, with the plentiful gifts of Thy Holy
Ghost. Remember also, O Lord, our holy fathers
and brothers in it, and the Bishops that in all the
world rightly divide the word of Thy truth. Remem-
ber also, O Lord, every city and region, and the
Orthodox that dwell in it, that they may inhabit it
with peace and safety. Remember, O Lord, Christians
that are voyaging, that are journeying, that are in
foreign lands, in bonds and in prison, captives, exiles,
in mines, and in tortures, and bitter slavery, our
fathers and brethren. Remember, Lord, them that are
in sickness or travail, them that are vexed of unclean
spirits, that they may speedily be healed and rescued by
Thee, O God. Remember, Lord, every Christian soul
in tribulation and distress, desiring the pity and succour
of Thee, O God, and the conversion of the erring.
Remember, Lord, our fathers and brethren that labour
and minister to us through Thy holy Name. Remem-
ber, Loud, all for good ; have pity. Lord, on all ; be
reconciled to all of us ; give peiice to the multitude of
Thy people ; dissipate scandals ; put an end to wars ;

stay tlie rising up of heresies. Give us Thy peace
and Thy love, O (iou our Saviour, the succour of
all the ends of the earth. Remember, Lord, the
healthfulness of the air, gentle showers, healthy deAvs,
plenteousness of fruits, the crown of the year of Thy
goodness, for the eyes of all wait upon Thee, and
Thou givest them their meat in due season ; Thou
openest Thine hand, and fillest all things living with
plenteousness. Remember, Lord, them that bear
fruit and do good deeds in Thy holy Churches, and
that remember the poor, the widows, the orphans, the
stranger, the needy ; and all those who have desired
us to remember them in our prayers. Furthermore,
O Lord, vouchsafe to remember those who have this
day brought these oblations to Thy holy Altar ; and
the things for which each brought them, or which he
had in his mind ; and those whom we have now com-
memorated before Thee. Remember also, O Lord,
according to the multitude of Thy mercy and pities,
me Thy humble and unworthy servant ; and the
Deacons that surround Thy holy Altar. Grant them
blamelessness of life, preserve their ministry spotless,
keep in safety their goings for good, that they may
find mercy and grace with all Thy Saints that have
been pleasing to Thee from one generation to another,
since the beginning of the world, our ancestors, and
fathei's. Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Martyrs, Con-
fessors, Teachers, Holy Persons, and every just spirit
made perfect in the faith of Thy Christ.
I (^3) Hail, Mary, full of grace ; the Lord is with

(13) Tlie introduction of the angelical salutation is clearly a later
interpolation, as interrupting the sequence of the prayer. And
so is the £or< ffo) x'^'P-h '''"^ thoughts in which seem borrowed
from the magnificent sermon of S. Proclus, delivered at Constan-
tinople, March 25, A.D. 4:29.

thee ; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is
the fruit of thy Avomb, because thou hast brought
forth the Saviour of our souls. (Aloud.) Especially
the most holy, spotless, excellently laudable, glorious
Lady, the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary.

Chorr. It is very meet to bless thee, the Mother of
God, the ever blessed, the entirely spotless, {^*) more
honourable than the Cherubin, and infinitely more
glorious than the Seraphim, thee, who didst bear
without corruption God the Word, thee, vei'ily the
Mother of God, we magnify.

In thee, O full of grace, all creation exults, and the
hierarchy of Angels, and the race of men ; in thee,
sanctified temple, spiritual paradise, glory of virgins,
of whom God took flesh ; our God, That was before
the world, became a child. For He made thy womb
His throne, and rendered it more extended than the
heavens. In thee, O full of grace, all creation exults :
glory to thee.

The Deacons. Remember, Lord our God.

Priest (bowing). Remember, Lord, the God of
the spirits and all flesh, the Orthodox whom we have
commemorated, from ri^ihteous Abel unto this day.
Give them rest there, in the land of the living, in Thy
kingdom, in the delight of paradise, in the bosom of
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, our holy fathers, whence
pain, sorrow, and groaning is exiled, where the light of
Thy countenance looks down, and always shines.
And direct, Lord, O Lord, in peace the ends of our
lives, so as to be Christian, and well-pleasing to Thee,
and blameless ; collecting us under the feet of Thine
elect, when Thou wilt, and as Thou wilt, only without

('*) It is impossible in English, without tautology, to repeat
the fii^Ti^a. Tou e-ou rifi&iv, after having already given the hoToxov.

shame and offence : through Thine Only-Begotten
Son, our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ ;
for He alone hath appeared on the earth without sin.

Deacon. And for the peace and stability of the
whole world, and of the holy Churches of God, and for
that for which each hath brought his offering, or hath
in his mind : and for the people that stand around,
and for all both men and women.

People. For all, both men and women.

Priest. For which things' sake, to us also, as being
good, and the Lover of men.

People. Remit, forgive, pardon, O God, our of-
fences, voluntary and involuntary, in deed and word,
by knowledge and ignorance, by night and by day; in
mind and intention : forgive us all as being good, and
the Lover of men.

Priest. Through the grace, and pity and love of
Thine Only-Begotten Son, with Whom Thou art to
be blessed and glorified, together with the most holy
and good and life-giving Spikit, now and ever, and
to all ages.

People. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Again and always in peace, let us make
our supplications to the Lokd.

For the oblations, and hallowed, precious, celestial,
ineffable, stainless, glorious, terrible, tremendous,
divine gifts to the Lord God.

That the Lord our God having received them to
His holy, heavenly, intellectual and spiritual Altar,
for the odour of a sweet-smelling sacrifice, would send
down in their stead to us divine grace, and the gift of
the most Holy Ghost.

Having prayed for the unity of the faith, and the

participation of the Holy Ghost, let us commend
ourselves and each other and all our life to ChhisT
our God.

People. Amen.

Priest. God, the Father of our Lord and God and
Saviour Je3us Christ, the mighty Lord, blessed
nature, measureless goodness, the God and Lord of
all, Who art blessed for evermore: Who sitteth upon
the Cherubin, and art glorified by the Seraphim :
before Whom stand thousand thousands, and ten
thousand times ten thousand armies of holy Angels, and
Archangels. Thou hast received in Thy goodness the
gifts, presents, fruits, that have been offered beforeThee
for a sweet-smelling savour, and hast been pleased to
sanctify and perfect them by the grace of Thy Christ,
and the visitation of Thy most Holy Spirit : sanctify
also, O Lord, our souls, bodies, and spirits ; touch the
powers of our minds, search out our consciences, and
cast out from us every evil thought, every impure
imagination, every base lust, every unfitting motion,
all envy and pride and hypocrisy, all falsehood and
guile, every worldly distraction, all avarice, all vain-
glory, all idleness, vice, anger, passion, remembrance
of wrongs, blasphemy, all motion of body and soul at
variance with the will of Thy holiness. (Aloicd.) And
grant us, Lord, and Lover of men, with boldness,
without condemnation, with a pure heart, with a
broken spirit, with a face that needeth not to be
ashamed, with hallowed lips to dare to call upon Thee,
our holy God and Father in the heavens, and to say,
People. Our Father, &c.

Priest {bowing). And lead us not into temptation, (is)

C'') This is theEmbolifsmus, or Prayer against Temptation, which
follows the Lord's Prayer in every Liturgy. See S. Alark, p. 25.

Lord God of Hosts, Who knowest our infirmity, but
deliver us from the evil one, and his works, and all
his insults and devices, for Thy holy Name's sake, by
which our humility is called.

Aloud. For Thine is the kingdom, the power, and
and the glory, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now
and ever.

JPeople. Amen.

Priest. Peace to all.

People, And with thy spirit.

Deacon. Let us bow our heads to the Lord. (^^)

People. To Thee, O Lord.

Priest. To Thee, O Lord, we Thy servants have
bowed our necks before Thy holy Altar, waiting for
the rich mercies that are from Thee : send down upon
us, O Lord, Thy rich grace and blessing ; and sanctify
our souls, bodies, and spirits, that we may become
worthy partakers and communicants of Thy holy mys-
teries : to the forgiveness of our sins and eternal life.

Aloud. For Thou art to be worshipped and glorified,
O our God, and Thine Only-Begotten Son, and Thy
most Holy Spirit, now and ever.

People. Amen.

Priest, {aloud). And the grace and mercies of the
Holy and consubstantial and uncreated and adorable
Trinity shall be with us all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. With the fear of God let us attend.

The Priest saith secretin/.
Holy Lord, That restest in the holies, hallow us by

(1") lu the printed Greek Liturgy of S. James, there is a double
proclamation by the Deacon, and a double prayer of inclination ;
but one of these is clearly a second edition of the other, that I
have ventured to omit it.

the word of Thy grace, and by the visitation of Thine
All-holy Spirit, for Thou hast said, O Lorb, Be ye
holy, for I am holy. Lord our God, incomprehen-
sible Word of God, consubstantial, co-eternal, indivi-
sible, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, receive
the pure hymn, in Thy holy and spotless Sacrifice,
with the Cherubin and Seraphim, and Irom me a
sinner, crying and saying,

TJien he elevates the gifts, and saith,
Holy things for holy persons.

People. One holy, one Lord, Jesus Christ, in
the glory of God the Father, to Whom be glory for
ever and ever.

Deaco7i. For the remission of our sins, and the
propitiation of our souls, and for every afflicted and
distressed soul, that needeth the pity and help of God:
and for the conversion of them that have strayed, the
healing of them that are sick, the liberation of them
that are in captivity, the rest of our fathers and I
brethren that have fallen asleep before us, let us pray
earnestly and say, Kyrie eleison.

People. Kyrie eleison. {Twelve ti7nes,)

Then the Priest hreahs the bread, and holds the half
in his right hand, and the half in his left ; and dips
in the chalice that which he holds in his right hand,
saying,

The union of the most holy Body and precious
Blood of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus
Christ.

Then he signs that which he holds in his left hand :
then with that which is signed the other half: then
he begins to divide before all, and to distribute one
jyart into each chalice, saying,

It hath been united and sanctified and accomplished
in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of
the Holy Ghost, now and ever.

And when he signs the bread, he saith,

Behold the Lamb of God, the Son of tlie Father,
That taketh away the sin of the world, sacrificed for
the life and salvation of the world.

A nd when he distributes one part into each chalice,

he saith,

A holy portion of Christ, full of grace and truth,
of the Father and the Holy Ghost, to Whom be
the gloiy and the might, for ever and ever.

Then he begins to break, and to say.

Psalm xxiii.

Psalm xxxiv.

Psalm cxlv.

Psalm cxvii.

Deacon. Sir, bless.

Priest. The Lord shall bless us and keep us with-
out condemnation for the communion of His spotless
gifts, now and ever, and to all ages.

Deacon. Sir, bless.

The Lord shall bless us and make us to receive
with the pure tongs of our fingers the burning coal,
and to place it in the mouths of the faithful, for the
purification and renewal of their souls, and bodies,
now and ever.

O taste and see that the Lord is good : He That
is broken, and not divided, distributed to the faithful,
and not consumed, for the remission of their sins and
eternal life, now and ever, and to all ages.

Deacon. In the peace of Christ let us sing.

Chorr. O taste and see that the Lord is good.

Priest, (before communi eating). Lord our God,
the Heavenly Bread, the Life of the world, I have
sinned against heaven and before Thee, and am not
wortliy to partake Thy spotless mysteries : but do
Thou, Who art a compassionate God, make me worthy
by Thy grace to communicate without condemnation
in the holy Body and precious Blood, for the remission
of sins, and eternal life.

[IVie Priest comrnunicates.']

But rvhen the Deacons talie wp the patens and chalices
to communicate the ])eo2)le, the Deacon that takes
the first paten, says,

Sir, bless.

Priest. Glory to God, Who hath sanctified, and
sanctifieth us all.

Deacon. Set up Thyself, O God, above the heavens,
and Thy glory above all the earth ; and Thy kingdom
remaineth for ever and ever.

And when the Deacon is about to take it up from (^7)
the side table, the Priest saith,

Blessed be the Name of the Lord our God for
ever.

C) All the editions read below, l-ralfin rov VitrKov a-jro toZ ■jra.pa.T-
paviX^ou, and here, on f^iXXn o oiaKovoi Tihvai ii; to vapc-.Tpa-vi'^Oy,
It is nearly certain that the rubrics have been misplaced. The
point is one of great difficulty, but tiie commentators entirely
neglect it. The first question is, what is the '7rapar^a.viZ,ov ; Du
Cange will have it to be that on which the sacied jjortions were
lying, tlie^Ej/'SEs of the office of prothcsis. But it is clear that the
Deacons are now in the naos, or just on the point of leaving the
bema. The antidoron then is out of the question, for the Com-
munion has not yet taken place. We must imagine the Tra^ar-
(ja;ri^o» m this instance to be a side table placed in the bema, on

Deacon. With the fear of God, and faith, and love,
draw near.

People, Blessed be he that cometh in the Name of
the Lord.

[The Communion.l

And again, when the Deacon pvts the paten down on
the side table, he saith,

Sir, bless.

Priest. O Lord, save Thy people : and bless Thine
heritage.

Glory to our God Who hath sanctified us all.

Deacons and people. Fill our mouths with Thy
praise, O Lord, and fill our lips with thankfulness,
that we celebrate Thy glory and Thy majesty all the
day long.

We give Thee thanks, Christ our God, that Thou
hast vouchsafed to make us partakers of Thy Body

which the chalices, &c., were set down (by the rubric before,
oTOCv SiSiiu //.i^i^a, a.'Tr'k'ht lis ix.airrov x.^arn^a., Xiyn, it is clear that
several were contemplated) in order that the Deacons might take
them thence, and not from the Altar. By the transposition of
the rubrics, all is now clear : when the Deacon takes the paten
up, for the purpose of administering to the people, he says,
" Blessed be the Name," &c. He then desires the people to
approach ; and they accordingly communicate. After this he
returns to the ■^a^a.r^d'TnZoi, and setting doivn the paten or chalice,
says, " Sir, bless," &c., as below. But if the alteration in the
rubrics be not allowed, the only possible way of making sense is
the arrangement which I adopted in another place, where I did
not feel justified in making the change. (Tetralog. Liturgic, p.
192.) The Deacon, receiving the chalice from the Priest to set
it on the side table, says, " Blessed be the Name," &c. He sets
it down. He calls the people to approach. He then lifts it up,
and says, " Sir, bless:" but the Priest does not bless till after
the Communion is finished. The great awkwardness of this is
clear.

and Blood, for the remission of sins, and eternal life.
Keep us, we beseech Thee, without condemnation,
because Thou art good, and the Lover of men.

The Prayer of Incense at the last Entrance.

Priest. We thank Thee, God and Saviour of all,
for all the good things whicli Thou hast bestowed on
us ; and for the participation of Thy holy and spotless
mysteries. And we offer to Thee this incense, praying
Thee to keep us under the shadow of Thy wings; and
vouchsafe that, till our last breath, we may receive
Thy sanctifications ; for the sanctification of souls and
bodies, for the inheritance of the kingdom of heaven :
for Thou, O God, art our sanctification, and to Thee
we ascribe glory and thanks, &c.

The Deacon begins in the Entrance.

Glory to Thee, glory to Thee, glory to Thee, Christ
the King, Only-Begotten Word of the Father, for
that Thou hast vouchsafed us sinners and Thy un-
worthy servants to enjoy Thy spotless mysteries, for
the forgiveness of sins and for eternal life : glory to
Thee. C«)

(18) Here, in the editions, follows this :

And lohen he makes the entrance the Deacon begins to say
thus,

Again and again, and evermore in peace, let us make our
supplications to the Lord.

That the participation of His sanctification may be to us for
the turning away of every evil thing, for a viaticum of eternal
life, for tlie participation and gift of the Holy Guost.

Priest. Commemorating the most holy, &c.

People. To Thee, 0 Lord.

Priest. God, Which through Thy great and ineffable love to
man didst condescend to the weakness of Thy servants and hast

And when he puts clown the chalice on the hol>/ table,
the Priest saith,

(^9) Blessed be the'Name of the Lord for ever and
ever.

Priest. Peace be with all.

People. And with thy spirit.

Deacon. In the peace of Christ let us chant.

And again In the peace of Christ let us depart.

Peojjle. In the Name of the Lord; Lord, bless us.

Prayer of Dismissal said by the Deacon.

From glory to glory advancing, we hymn Thee,
the Saviour of our souls. Glory to the Father, and
to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. We hymn
Thee, the Saviour of our souls.

vouchsafed that we should partake of this heavenly Table, con-
demn us not in the participation of Thy spotless mysteries, but
guard us, good God, by the sanctification of Thy Holy Ghost;
that, being holy, we may find part and inheritance with all Thy
Saints who have pleased Thee from the beginning of the world,
in the light of Thy countenance, through the mercies of Thine
Only-Begotten Son, our Lord and God and Saviour Jesds
Christ; with Whom Thou art blessed, with Thy most holy and
good and quickening Spirit, &c.

People. Amen.

But, in all probability, this is nothing but a second edition of
the two last prayers ; it is hardly possible to conceive that both
the Deacon and the Priest would say over again, in other words,
what each of them has just been already saying; and the more
so as the time is limited to that of the entrance. It will be seen
that, as we at present have the Liturgy of S. James, the Priest
remains at the Altar, while the Deacons distribute to the people.

(>9) Here I have made another change. In the editions, the
rubric precedes the prayer of incense at the last entrance. But
as it is clear that the Deacon must have entered the bema before
he can set down the chalice on the Altar, I have reversed the
order.

The Priest saith this prayer as he goes from the Altar
to the Sacristy.

From might to might advancing, and having accom-
plished all the Divine Liturgy in Thy temple, we now
also pray Thee, vouchsafe to us Thy full mercy ;
rightly divide our paths: root us in Thy fear; and
count us worthy of Thy heavenly kingdom, in Christ
Jesus our Lord: with Whom, &c.

Deacon. Again and again and evermore in peace,
let us make our supplications to the Lord.

Prayer said in the sacristy after the dismissal.

Thou hast given us, O Lord, sanctification, &;c.
As in the Liturgy of IS. Mark, (^o)

(20) It cannot be parallelised with that prayer, because this
follows, that precedes, the dismissal.

THE DIVINE LITUEGY

And after the reading of the Law and the Prophets,
and onr Epistles and Acts, and the Gospels, let him
that hath been elected salute the Church, saying,

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, tlie love of
God and our Father, and the Communion of the
Holy Ghost, be with you all.

And let all answer : And with thy spirit.

And after this, let him address to the People words of
exhortation, and when he hath accomplished the
Word of Teaching, I, Andrew, the brother of Peter,
say: All standing up, let the Deacon ascending to
some high place, proclaim : Let none of the audi-
tors : let none of the unbelievers. And when quiet
hath been made, let him say :

Ye that are Catechumens, pray.

And let all the faithful, as they will, pi^ay for them,
saying,

Lord, have mercy.

And let him minister on their behalf, saying :
Let us all beseech God (i) for the Catechumens,
that He Who is good and the Lover of men, may

Q) S. Chi-ysostcim, in his third homily on the incom])rehen-
sible nature of God, refers to this prayer, when he says —
" Immediately after this exhortation follows the prayer." And
the same thing is to be found in the nineteenth canon of the
Council of Laodicea. (a.d. 363 or 365.)

mercifully hear their prayers and supplications, and,
receiving their requests, may assist them and grant
them their hearts' desire as may be expedient for them,
and may reveal to them the Gospel of His Christ,
and may enlighten them and cause them to understand
and may instruct them in Divine knowledge, and may
teach them His commandments and judgments, and
may implant in them His true and salutary fear, and
may open the ears of their hearts to discover the things
that are in His law day and night, may stablish them
in piety, may unite and may number them together
with His holy fold, may count them worthy of the
Laver of regeneration, of the vestment of immortality,
of the true life ; may preserve them from all impiety,
and may give no place to the enemy against them ; but
may purify them from all pollution of flesh and spirit,
may dwell in them and walk in them, by His Christ,
may bless their comings in and their goings out, and
may direct that which lies before them as may be
profitable. Furthermore, let us earnestly supplicate
for them, that having obtained the remission of their
transgressions through the initiation of baptism, they
may be counted worthy of the holy mysteries, and of
perseverance with the Saints. Ye that are Catechu-
mens arise.

Ask for the peace of God through His Christ ;
that this day and all the time of your life may be
peaceful and siidess ; that your ends may be Christian ;
that God may be merciful and gracious ; that your
sins may be remitted : commend yourselves to the
Only, Unbegotten, God, through His Christ. Bow
down and receive the blessing.

And for each of these whom the Deacon addresses, as
we have said before, let the people sai/, Lord, have

mercy : and before all the children. (2) And rvhiJe
they bom down their heads, let him that hath been
elected Bishop, bless them with this blessing :

The Almighty God, the Unbegotten and Un-
approachable, the only true God, the God and
Father of Thy Christ, Thine Only-Begotten Son,
the God of the Paraclete, and the Lord of all :
Thou Who didst by Christ ^constitute Thy disciples
as teachers of piety ;— do Thou Thyself also now look
upon these Thy servants, the Catechumens of the
Gospel of Thy Christ, and give to them a new heart,
and renew within them a right spirit, to know and do
Thy will with a full heart and willing soul. Make
them worthy of the holy initiation of baptism, and
unite them to Thy holy Church, and make them par-
ticipators of the Divine mysteries, through Christ
our Hope, Who died for them : through Whom be to
Thee the glory and the worship, in the Holy Ghost,
through atl ages. Amen.

And after this, let the Deacon say. Go forward,
ye Catechumens in peace. And after their having
gone forth, let him say : Pray ye thai are troubled by
unclean spirits. Let us all earnestly pray for them,
that God, the Lover of men, may, through Christ,
rebuke the unclean and wicked spirits, and may pre-
serve His suppliants from the over-mastery of the
enemy: He That rebuked the legion of fiends, and-

(2) It has been discussed what children are hero intended.
Cotelerius would understand it of the choir j but I am inchued to
think that the words are s])oken of all the children present; the
same who are afterward committed to the charge of their mothers.
The explanation, given by S. Chrysostom in his seventy-second
homily on S. Matthew, seems to make this interpretation clear;
and I am glad to see that my friend Di: Daniel also adopts it.

the primaeval source of evil, the Devil, let Him rebuke
also now the apostates from piety, and preserve His
own handiwork from the energy of Satan, and purify
them whom with much wisdom He made. Further-
more, let us intently pray for them : save and raise
them up, O God, in Thy might. Bend your heads,
ye Energumens, and receive the blessing. jLnd let
the Bishop pray over them, sayimj, Thou That didst
bind the strong man, and spoil all his goods : Thou
That didst give us power to tread upon serpents and
scorpions and all the might of the adversary : Thou
That didst give over to us bound, the man-slaying
serpent, as a sparrow to children : (^) Whom all things
fear and tremble at from the face of Thy power : Thou
That didst break him as lightning from heaven, not
w^ith a local fracture, but from honour to dishonour,
through his own evil-mindedness : Tiiou Whose look
drieth up the abysses, and Whose threat wasteth the
mountains, and Whose truth remaineth for ever ;
Whom infants praise, and sucklings bless : Who
lookest upon the earth, and makest it to tremble:
Who touchest the mountains, and they smoke : Who
threatenest the sea, and driest it up, and utterly
destroy est all the rivers : to Whom the clouds are the
dust of Thy feet : Thou That walkest upon the sea as
upon a foundation : Only-Begoiten God, Son of the
Mighty Father, rebuke the evil spirits, and preserve
the works of I'hine Hands from the energy of an
adverse spirit : for to Thee is glory, honour, and wor-
ship, and by Thee to Thy Father, and the Holy
Ghost. Amen.

Q) The allusion is to Job xli. 5 — '•' Wilt thou play with him as
with a bird, or wilt thou biad him with thy maidens ? "

And let the Deacon say : Pass forward, ye Ener-
gumens. And after this let him exclaim : Pray, ye
that are illuminated. Let us, the faithful, all pray
earnestly for them, that the Lord may count them
worthy, having been initiated into the death of Christ,
raise them up together with Him, and to become par-
takers of His kingdom, and sharers of His mysteries,
that He may unite and may collect them together with
those that are saved in His Holy Church. Save and
raise them up in Thy grace. Let them that have been
sealed to God by His Christ, bow down and be blest
with this blessing from the Bishop. Thou Thatsaidst
aforehand by Thy holy Prophets to the initiated. Wash
you, make you clean, and didst through Christ give
them the law of spiritual regeneration, — do Thou Thy-
self now look upon the baptised, and bless them and
hallow them, and prepare them so as to be worthy of
Thy spiritual gift, and the true adoption of Thy spiritual
mysteries, the gathering together with them that
are saved, through Christ our Saviour : (•*) through,
&c.

And let the Deacon say : Pass forward, ye that
are illuminated. And ajter this, let him proclaim :
Pray, ye that are in penitence. Let us earnestly sup-
plicate for our brethren that are in penitence, that
God, the very pitiful, may point out to them the way
of repentance, may receive their recantation and their
confession, and may bruise Satan under their leet
shortly, and may ransom them from the snare of the
devil, and the insult of demons, and may deliver
them from every unlawful word, and every unseemly
deed and wicked imagination ; may pardon them all

(4) This prayer would appear, from the Council of Laodicea,
and from the silence of S. Chrjsostom, to be of later dale than
the others.

their falls, voluntary and involuntary ; and may blot
out the handwriting that is against them, and may
■write them in the Book of Life, and may cleanse them
from every pollution of flesh and spirit, and may
restore them so as to unite them to His holy flock : for
He knoweth our frame. For who can boast that he
hath a pure heart ? Or who can be confident that he
is pure from sin ? For we are all subject to penalty.
Let us yet pray more earnestly for them, because there
is joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, that
they, turning away from every unlawful work, may
be made familiar with every good deed, to the end
that God, the Lover of men, may speedily receive
their prayers with favour, may give them the joy of
His salvation again, and may stablish them with His
Princely Spirit, that they may be no more shaken :
that they may become partakers of His holy things,
and sharers of the Divine mysteries, and being mani-
fested as worthy of adoption, may attain eternal life.
Let us yet say earnestly for them : Lokd, have mercy :
save them, O God, and raise them up by Thy mercy.
Rise up and bend your heads to God, through His
Chhist, and receive the blessing.

IVien. let the Bishop pray after this fashion. Al-
mighty, everlasting God, Master of all, Creator and
Governor of all things. Thou Who didst through
Chiust consecrate man to be the ornament of the
world, (5) and didst give him a law implanted in him
and written, to the end that he might live according
to Thy statutes, as is reasonable : and didst by Thy
goodness give to him when he had siimed a warning
to repentance ; look down upon these that have bowed

("') Ornament of the world. It is of course impossible to
preserve the paranomasia, k'xt/^ov tSu KOfffi-av.

to Thee the necks of their souls and their bodies ; for
Thou wiliest not the death of the sinner, but Ills eon-
version, so as to turn him from his evil ways that he
may live. Thou That didst receive the repentance of
the Ninevites ; Thou That wiliest that all men should
be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth ;
Thou That didst, through Thy Fatherly pity receive
the son who devoured his substance in riotous living,
because of his repentance ; do Thou Thyself now
receive the repentance of Thy suppliants ; for there is
none who sinneth not before Thee ; for if Thou, Lord,
shalt be extreme to mark what is done amiss, O Lord,
who may abide it? for with Thee there is mercy. And
restore them to Thy holy Church in reputation and
honour, through Christ, our God and Saviour :
through Whom, &c.

And let the Deacon say : Depart, ye that are in
penitence. And let him add : Let none of those that
are not able to pray with us, pass foi-ward : let as many
as are faithful kneel with us. Let us all with one
accord call upon God through His Christ. For the
peace and good condition of the world, and the holy
Churches, let us make our supplication ; that He,
Who is the God of all, may bestow peace on us,
eternal, and that cannot be taken away, to the end
that he may preserve us perseveringly in the fulness of
that virtue which is according to godliness. For the
Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, which is from
one end of the earth to the other, let us make our
supplication ; that the Lord would preseive it and
guard it continually, unshaken and witliout storm,
until the consummation of all things, founded upon
the rock, [p) And for the holy parishes here. Let us

('') Observe that tlie reference is not to S. Mdtthew xvi. 18, but
to b. Matthew vii, 25.

mate our supplication, that He Who is the Lord of
all may vouchsafe to give us a share in His heavenly
hope, and to bestow unceasingly the reward of our
prayers. *

For every Episcopate under heaven of those who
rightly divide the word of 1 hy truth, let us make our
supplication : and for our Bishop James and his
parishes, let us make our supplication : for the Bishop
Clement and his parishes, let us make our supplication :
for our Bishop Euodius and his parishes, let us make
our supplication. (J) That the meiciful God may
vouchsafe them to their holy Churches safie, honour-
able, full of length of days, and may afford them an
honourable old age in piety and righteousness.

And for their Presbyters let us make our suppli-
cation ; that the Lord would preserve them from
every unseemly and wicked thing, and afford to them
their priestly office, safe and honourable. For all the
diaconate, and ministry in Christ, let us make our
supplication, that the Lord may preserve their services
blameless.

For Readers, Singers, Virgins, Widows, and
Orphans, let us make our supplication : for them that
are in the yoke of marriage, and the production of
children, let us make our supplication : that the Lord
may have mercy on them all.

For Eunuchs, walking holily, let us make our
supplication : for those that are in continence and
piety, let us make our supplication : for them that
bring forth fruit in the holy Church, and do alms to
the poor, let us make our supplication ; and for them

(7) These names are manifestly an insertion by way of a pious
fraud on the i)art of the compiler ot the Apottolie Oonstituiions.
In some Mtjsj. instead of Euodius, Aniauus, the first Bishop of
Alexandria after S. Mark, is mentioned.

that bring offerings and first-fruits to the Lord our
God, let us riiake our supplication : that the all-good
God may recompense them with His heavenly gifts,
and may give them a hundred-fold more in the present
world, and in the world to come, life everlasting, and
may grant to them of His grace, for things earthly,
things heavenly.

For our newly-illuminated brethren, let us make
our supplication that the Lord may confirm and
stablish them.

For our brethren that are exercised by sickness, let
us make our supplication ; that the Lord may preserve
them from all diseases and infirmity, and may restore
them safely to His holy Church.

For them that sail and that journey, let us make our
supplication : for them that are in mines and exiles
and prisons and bonds for the Name of the Lord, let
us make our supplication : for them that travail in
bitter slavery, let us make our supplication : for our
enemies, and them that hate us for the Lord's sake,
let us make our supplication : that the Lokd may soften
their mind, and disperse their passion against us.

For them that are without and wandering, let us
make our supplication : that the 1,ord may convert
them.

Let us remember the little ones of the Church, that
the Lord, perfecting them in His fear, may bring
them to the full measure of age : for each other, let
us make our supplication ; that the Lord may guard
us and preserve us by His grace to the end, and may
defend us from the wicked one, and all the scandals
of them that work iniquity, and may save us to His
heavenly kingdom.

For every Christian soul, let us make our supplica-
tion. Preserve and raise us up, O God, by Thy pity.

Let us rise up.

Having earnestly made our supplication, let us
commit ourselves and each other to the Living God,
through His Christ. Then let the Bishop pray over
them and say : Lord Almighty, most highest, Thou
That dwellest in the Highest, Thou Holy One That
restest in the Holies, Thou That art without begin-
ning, Thou That art only Ruler : Thou Who through
Christ didst give us the preaching of knowledge for
the acknowledgment of Thy glory and of Thy Name
which He manifested to our comprehension : do
Thou Thyself now look down through Him upon this
Thv flock : and free it from all ignorance and evil
practices, and grant that it may entirely fear Thee
and perfectly love Thee, and may be endued with the
glory of Thy countenance: be Thou propitious to
them, and merciful, and ready to hear their supplica-
tions, and keep them without turning, without blame,
without accusation ; that they may be holy in body
and soul, not having spot, nor wrinkle, nor any such
thing : but that thoy may be perfect, and not one of
them may be imperfect or incomplete. Thou That
art the Helper, the Mighty, Thou That respectest
not the persons of men, become Thou the assistance
of this 'I'hy people, whom Thou didst purchase with
the precious JBlood of Thy Christ. Defender,
Guardian, Steward, Most secure Wall, Fence, Se-
curity, for none can pluck out of Thine Hands ; nor
is there any other God like Thee, for in Thee is our
trust. Sanctify them in * hy truth, for Thy word is
truth. Thou that art not to be flattered, thou That
canst not be deceived, preserve them from all sickness
and all infirmity, from every fall, from all injury and
deceit, from the fear of the enemy, from the arrow
that flieth by day, from the thing that walketh iu

darkness : and vouchsafe to them the eternal life,
which is in Christ Thine Only-Begotten Son, our
God and Saviour, tlirough Whom.

jind after this h.t the Deacon say : Let us attend.

And let tite Bishop salute the Church, and say:
Let the peace of God be with you all.

And let the people answer, And with thy spirit.

And let the Deacon say to all, Salute one another
with an holy kiss.

And let the Clergy kiss the Bishop; and of the Laity,
the men the men, and the women the rvomen. And let
the children stand by the Berna. And let a Deacon
preside over them, that they may not he disorderly-
And let other Deacons walk about and observe the
men and the women that there may be no disturbance,
and that no one nod, or whisper, or 7vink. And let
the Deacon stand at the doors of the men, and the
Sub Deacons at those of the women, that no one may
go out, and that the door may not be opened even
though it be by one of the faithful, during the time of
the Anaphora. And let one Sub- Deacon give water
to the Priests to wash their hands, the symbol of the
purity of the soids devoted to (jod.

The order of James, the brother of John, the son

of Zebedee.

And I, James, the brother of John, the son of
Zebedee, command that forthwith the Deacon say.

Let none of the Catechumens, none of the hearers,
none of the unbelievers, none of the heterodox stay.
Ye who have prayed the former prayer, depart.
Mothers, take up your children. Let no one have
ought against any man. Let none be in hypocrisy.
Let us stand upright, to present unto tlie Lord our
offerings with fear and trembling.

When this is done, let the Deacons bring the gifts to
the Bishop at the Altar ; and let the Priests stand
on his right hand, and on his left, as disciples hy
their Master. But let two of the Deacons on each
side of the Altar hold a fan made up of thin mem-
branes, or peacock's feathers, or fine cloth, and let
them silentlfi drive away flies and gnats, that they
tnay not fall into the cups. Then the Bishop, aper
having prayed secretly, {and lihewise the Priests)
and having put on his splendid vestment, and stand-
ing at the Altar, and signing himself with the sign
of the Cross upon his forehead, let him say,

The grace of the Almighty God, and the love of
our Lord Jesus Christ, and the fellowship of the
Holy Ghost, be with vou all.

And let all with one voice say, And with thy spirit.

Bishop. Lift up your mind.

People. We lift it up unto the Lord.

Bishop. Let us give thanks to the Lord.

People. It is meet and right.

Bishop. It is indeed meet and right before all things
to sing praises to Thee, the true God, from everlasting,
of Whom the whole family in heaven and earth is
named; Who alone art unbegotten, without beginning,
the supreme Lord, Almighty King, and self-sufficiont;
the Author and Giver of all good things, without cause,
without generation, self-existing ; the same yesterday,
to-day, and for ever. At Thy Word, as from a neces-
sary original, all things started into being. For Thou
art everlasting knowledge, sicjht before all objects, hear-
ing before all sounds, wisdom without instruction ; the
first in nature, the law of being, exceeding all number.
Thou createdst all things out of nothing by Thine
Only-Begotten Son, begotten before all ages by no

other means than Thy will, Thy power, and Thy
goodness ; God the Word, the Only-Begotten Son,
the Living Wisdom, the First-born of every creature,
the Angel of Thy great counsel, Thy High Priest, but
Lord and King of all sensible and intellectual crea-
tures, Who was before all things, and by Whom all
things were made. Thou, O eternal God, didst make
all things by Him, and by Him too dispensest Thy
providence over them ; for by the Same that Thou
didst graciously bring all things into being, by Him
Thou continuest all things in well being. The God
and Father of Thine Only-Begotten Son; Who by
Him didst make first the Cherubim and Seraphim,
the Ages, Thrones, Archangels, and Angels, and
after these didst by Him create this visible world,
and all things which are therein. For it is Thou Who
hast fixed the heaven like an arch, and stretched it
out like the covering of a tent ; and didst establish the
earth upon nothing by Thy will alone ; Who hast esta-
blished the firmament, and prepared the night and the
day, bringing light out of Thy treasures, and darkness
to overshadow it, that under its covert the living
creatures of this world might take their repose. Thou
hast appointed the sun to rule the day, and the moon
to govern the night ; and moreover hast inscribed
in the heavens a choir of stars for the honour of
Thy glorious majesty. Thou hast made water for
drink, and for cleansing, the vital air for respiration,
and conveyance of sounds by the tongue's striking
of it, and the hearing which co-operates with it, so
as to perceive the voice when it is received by it,
and falls upon it. Thou madest fire for our consola-
tion in darkness, and for the relief of our necessities,
that we might be both warmed and enlightened by
it. Thou didst divide the great sea from the land,

makinp; the one navigable, and the other a basis for
our feet in walking ; the former Tlioii hast replenished
with small and great beasts, the latter too both with
tame and wild ; and hast moreover furnished it with
various plants, crowned it with herbs, beautified it with
flowers, and enriched it with seeds. Thou didst con-
stitute the great deep, and didst set about it a mighty
hollow ; (®) seas of salt waters stand as an heap bounded
on every side with barriers of sand; sometimes Thou
dost swell it by the wind, so as to equal the high
mountains, and sometimes smooth it into a plain ; now
making it rage with a tempest, then stilling it with a
calm, for the ease of mariners in their voyages. The
earth, which was made by Thee, through Christ,
Thou hast encompassed M'ith rivers, watered with
currents, and moistened with springs which never fail;
Thou hast girt it about with mountains, that it may
not be moved at any time ; Thou hast replenished and
adorned it with fragrant and medicinal herbs, with
many and various kinds of living creatures, strong
and weak, for food and for labour, tame and wild ;
with the dull harsh noises of those creatures which
move upon the earth, and the soft sprightly notes of
the gaudy many-coloured birds which wing the air ;
with the revolution of years, the number of mouths
and days, the regular succession of the seasons ; with
the courses of the clouds big with rain, for the pro-
duction of fruits, the support of living creatures;
where also the winds take their stand, which blow at
1 hy command, and for the refreshment of trees and

(**) Brett translates " didst cast a mound about it." But I can-
not sec what is tlie authority tor tliis siynitication of xjjto;. it is
best to take it in tlie sense of a fjreat iioilow or chasm. See Butt-
niau'sLexilogus, undei- the word Knruiitaa.. Had that distinguished
scholar been acquainted with Patristic writings, he would have
been glad to find iuthis passage a corroboration of his hypothesis.

plants. And Thou hast not only created the world,
but man likewise the citizen of it; manifesting in him
the beauty and excellency of that beautiful and excel-
lent creation. For Thou saidst to Thine Own wisdom,
Let us make man in Our Own image, and after Our
likeness, aud let them have dominion over the fish of
the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Wherefore Thou
madest him of an immortal soul, and perishable body,
the soul out of nothing, the body of the four elements ;
this endued with five senses, and a power of motion ;
that with reason, and a faculty of distinguishing
between religion and irreligion, the just and the unjust.
Thou, O Almighty God, didst also by Christ plant
a garden eastward in Eden, adorned with every plant
that was meet for food ; into this Thou didst put him,
a rich and magnificent habitation ; having given him
a law in his nature, and such powers that without the
assistance of other means, even in himself he might
have the principles of divine knowledge. And when
Thou didst put him into this paradise of pleasure.
Thou gavest him the privilege of enjoying all its de-
lights, with this only exception, that he should not
out of vain curiosity in hopes of bettering his condition,
taste of one tree, and immortality was to be the
reward of his obedience to this command ; but when
he had broken through it, and eaten of the forbidden
fruit, over-reached by the subtilty of the serpent, and
the counsel of the woman. Thou didst justly drive him
out of paradise ; but in Thy goodness didst not despise
him, nor suffer him wholly to perish ; for he was the
work of Thine own hands : but Thou gavest him
dominion over all things, and by his labour, and the
sweat of his face, to procure his food. Thy providence
co-operating with him, so as to make the fruits of the
earth to spring up, increase, and ripen. And having

subjected him for a wliile to a temporary death, Thou
didst bind Thyself by an oath to restore him to life
again ; loosing the bands of that death, by the pro-
mise of a resurrection to the life which is eternal.
Nor was this all; but Thou didst likewise multiply
his posterity without number, glorifying as many of
them as were obedient unto Thee, and punishing those
who rebelled against Thee. Thou didst accept the
sacrifice of Abel upon account of his righteousness,
and reject the offering of Cain who slew his brother,
because of his unworthiness. And besides these. Thou
didst receive Seth and Enos, and translate Enoch.
For Thou art the creator of men, the author of life,
the supplier of our wants, the giver of laws, the
rewarder of tiiose who keep them, and the avenger
of those who transgress them. Who didst bring the
great flood upon the world because of the multitude
of the ungodly, but didst deliver righteous Noah from
it with eight souls in the ark, the last of the foregoing,
and the first of the succeeding generations. Who
didst kindle a dreadful fire in the five cities of Sodom,
and turn a fruitful land into a salt lake for the wicked-
ness of them that dwelt therein ; but didst snatch holy
Lot out of the conflagration. Thou art He, Who
didst preserve Abraham from the idolatry of his tore-
fathers, and appoint him the heir of the world, mani-
festing unto him Tiiy Christ. Who didst ordain
Melcliisedeck an high priest for Thy worship. Who
didst approve Thy servant Job by his patience and
long sulfering, the conquei'or of that serpent, who is
tlie author and promoter of all wickedness. Who
madest Isaac the son of the promise, and Jacob the
father of twelve sons, whom Thou didst multiply
exceedingly, bringing him into Egypt with seventy-
five souls. Thou, O Loud, didst not overlook Joseph,

but gavest him as the reward of his chastity for Thy
sake, the government over the Egyptians. Neither
didst Thou, O Lord, overlook the Hebrews when in
bondage under the Egyptians, but according to Thy
promises made to their fathers. Thou didst deliver
them, and punish the Egyptians. And wlien men
corrupted the law of nature, and esteemed the creation,
sometimes the effect of chance, and sometimes to be
worthy of honour equal to Thine, Who art the God
of all. Thou didst not suffer them to wander in error ;
but didst raise up Thy holy servant Moses, and by
him give a written law to strengthen the law of nature,
and shew the ci-eation to be Thy work, and that there
were no other Gods besides Thee. Thou didst adorn
Aaron and his posterity with the honour of the priest-
hood. Thou didst punish the Hebrews when they
sinned, and receive them again when they returned
to Thee. Thou didst torment the Egyptians with ten
plagues, and divide the sea for the Israelites to pass
through, overwhelming the Egyptians in their pursuit
after them with the waves thereof. Thou didst sweeten
the bitter water with wood, and bring water out of the
precipitous rock. Thou didst rain manna from heaven,
and quails out of the air for food. Thou madest a
pillar of fire to give them light in the night, and a
pillar of a cloud to shadow them from the heat in the
day. Thou didst raise up Joshua to be general of
their armies, and by him destroy seven nations of the
Canaanites. Thou didst divide Jordan, and dry up
the rivers of Etham. Thou didst overthrow walls
without engines, or any assistance of human force.
For all these things, glory be to Thee, O Lord
Almighty; Thee the innumerable hosts of angels,
archangels, thrones, dominions, principalities, autho-
rities, powers, Thine everlasting armies adore. The

cherubim and seraphim with six wings, M'ith twain
they cover their feet, with twain their heads, and with
twain they fly, and say, together with thousand thou-
sands of archangels, and ten thousand times ten thou-
sand of angels, crying incessantly with uninterrupted
shouts of praise ;

And let all the People say with them :

Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of Sabaoth, heaven
and earth are full of His glory. Blessed be He for
evermore. Amen.

After this, let the Bishop say,

Thou art indeed holy, and most holy ; the highest,
and most highly exalted for ever. Holy is also Thine
Only-Begotten Sox Jesus Christ, our Lord and
God. Who always ministering to Thee His God and
Father, not only in the various works of the creation,
but in the providential care of it, did not overlook lost
mankind. But after the law of nature, the admoni-
tions of the positive law, the prophetical reproofs, and
the superintendency of angels, when men had per-
verted both the positive and natural law, and had
forgotten the flood, the burning of Sodom, the plagues
of the Egyptians, the slaughter of the nations of
Palestine, and were now ready to perish universally ;
He, Who was man's creator, was pleased with Thy
consent to become man ; the Lawgiver to be under
the law ; the Priest to be Himself the sacrifice ; the
Shepherd a sheep ; to appease Thee His God and
Father, to reconcile Thee (9) to the world, and deliver

(3) Notice here, and again presently, thia " unscriptuial "
phrase. Accoi'ding to S. Paul's teaching, it is man that must be
reconciled to God, not God to man. This ajjpears to me a good
argument in favour of the belief that S. Clement's Liturgy was

all men from the impending wrath. He was incarnate
of a Virgin, God the Word, the beloved Son, the
First-born of every creature ; and, as He Himself had
foretold by the mouth of the prophets, of the seed of
David, and of Abraham, and of the tribe of Juda.
He, Who forms all that are born in the world, was
Himself formed in the womb of a Virgin ; He That
was without flesh, became flesh; and He Who was
begotten from eternity, was born in time. He was
holy in His conversation, and taught according to
the law ; He cured diseases, and wrought signs and
wonders amongst the people; He Who is the feeder
of the hungry, and fills every living creature with
His goodness, became partaker of His own gifts,
and eat, and drank, and slept amongst us ; He
manifested Thy Name to them that knew it not ;
He dispelled the cloud of ignorance, restored piety,
fulfilled Thy will, and finished Thy work which Thou
gavest Him to do. And when He had regulated all
these things, He was seized by the hands of a dis-
obedient people, and wicked men abusing the office of
Priests and High -Priests, being betrayed to them by
one who excelled in wickedness ; and when He had
suftered many things from them, and been treated
with all manner of indignity. He was by Thy permis-
sion delivered to Pilate the governor : the Judge of
all the world was judged, and the Saviour of mankind
condemned ; although impassible. He was nailed to
the cross; and although immortal, died. The Giver
of Life was laid in the grave, that He might deliver

never really employed by any Church. Such an error might
easily escape the notice of an individual writer; but the marvel-
lous) theological accuracy of early Liturgies would not have
allowed the phrase to remain in use.

those from the pains of death, for whose sake He
came ; and that He might break the bands of the
devil, and rescue man from his deceit. He arose
from the dead the third day; and after continuing forty
days with His disciples, He was taken up into heaven,
and is set down on the right hand of Thee His God
and Father.

CalUnff therefore to remembrance those thino;s which
he endured for our sakes, we give thanks unto Thee,
O God Almighty, not as we ought, but as we are
able, to fulfil His institution. For in the same night
that He was betrayed, taking bread into His holy
and immaculate hands, and looking up to Thee His
God and Father, and breaking it, He gave it to
His disciples, saying. This is the mystery of the New
Testament ; take of it ; eat ; this is My Body, which
is broken for many for the remission of sins. Like-
wise also having mingled the cup with wine and water,
and blessed it, He gave it to them, saying: Drink
ye all of it : this is My Blood, which is shed for
many for the remission of sins ; do this in remem-
brance of Me ; for as often as ye eat of this bi'ead,
and drink of this cup, ye do shew forth My death
till I come.

Wherefore having in remembrance His passion,
death, and resurrection from the dead, His return into
heaven, and His future second appearance, when He
shall come with glory and power to judge the quick and
the dead, and to render to every man according to his
works ; we offer to Thee our King and our God,
according to this institution, this bread and this cup ;
giving tlianks to Thee through Him, that Thou hast
thought us worthy to stand before Thee, and to sacri-
fice unto Thee. And we beseech Thee, that Thou
wilt look graciously on these gifts now lying before

)

Thee, O Thou self-sufficient God ; and accept them
to the honour of Thy Christ. And send down Thy
Holy Spirit, the Witness of the sutferinofs of the
Lord Jesus, on this sacrifice, that He may make
this bread the Body of Thy Christ, and this cup the
Blood of Thy Christ. That all who shall partake of
it, may be confirmed in godliness, may receive remis-
sion of their sins, may be delivered from the devil and
his wiles, may be filled with the Holy Ghost, may
be made worthy of Thy Christ, and may obtain
everlasting life ; Thou, (^o) O Lord Almighty, being
reconciled to them.

We further pray unto Thee, O Lord, for Thy holy
Church, spi'ead from one end of the world unto the
other, which Thou hast purchased by the {)recious
Blood of Thy Christ, that Thou wilt keep it stedfast
and immoveable unto the end of the world ; and for
every Episcopate rightly dividing the word of truth.
Further we call upon Thee for my unworthiness, who
am now ofiering ; and for the whole Pi-esbytery ; for
the Deacons, and all the Clergy ; that Thou wouldst
endue them with wisdom, and fill them with the Holy
Ghost. Further we call upon Thee, O Lord, for the
King and all that are in authority, for the success of
the army, that they may be kindly disposed towards
us ; that leading our whole life in peace and quietness,
we may glorify Thee through Jesus Christ our
hope. Further we off'er to Thee for all the saints,
who have pleased Thee from the beginning of the world ;
the patriarchs, prophets, righteous men, apostles,
martyrs, confessors, bishops, priests, deacons, sub-
deacons, readers, singers, virgins, widows, laymen,
and all whose names Thou knowest. We further

(1") Notice what is said before of this expression.

offer to Thee for this people ; that for the glory of
Thy Christ Thou wilt render them a royal priest-
hood, an holy nation ; for the virgins, and all that
live chastely ; for the widows of the Church ; for those
that live in honourable marriage, and child-bearing ;
for the young ones among Thy people ; that Thou
wilt not permit any of us to become cast-aways.
Farther we pray unto Thee for this city, and the
inhabitants thereof ; for the sick; for those that are
in bitter slavery; for those that are in banishment; for
those that are in prison ; for those that travel by land
or by water; that Thou wilt be to all of them an
helper, strengthener, and supporter.

We further beseech Thee also for those who hate us
and persecute us for Thy Name's sake ; for those that
are without, and wander in error ; that Thou wouldst
convert them to that which is good, and appease their
wrath against us. Further we pray unto Thee for the
catechumens of the Church ; for those who are under
possession, and for those our brethren who are in the
state of penance : that Thou wilt perfect the first in
Thy faith, deliver the second from the power of the
wicked one, accept the repentance of the last, and
grant unto them and to us the remission of our sins.
Further we offer unto Thee for seasonable weather,
and that we may have plenty of the fruits of the earth;
that receiving tlie abundance of Thy good things, we
may incessantly praise Thee who givest food to all
flesh. Further we pray unto Thee for all those who
are absent upon a just cause ; that Thou wilt preserve
all of us in godliness, and gather us together in the
kingdom of Thy Christ our king, the God of every
sensible and intellisent bein<j. And that Thou wilt
keep us stedfast, unblameable, and unreprovable. For
to Thee is due all glory, adoration, and thanksgiving,

honour, and worship to the Fatheh, and to the Holy
Ghost, both now and ever, and world without end.

And let all the Feople say, Amen.

And let the Bisltoj) say, The peace of God be with
you all.

And let all the People say. And with ihy spirit.

And let the Deacon again proclaim,

Again and again let us pray to God through His
Christ, in behalf of the gift that is offered to the Lord
God ; that the good God will receive it through the
mediation of His Christ at His heavenly Altar for a
sweet-smelling savour. Let us pray for this Church
and people. Let us pray for every Episcopate, for the
whole Presbytery, for all the Deacons and Ministers
in Christ, for the whole congregation ; that the Lord
will preserve and keep them all. Let us pray for
kings and all that are in authority, that they may be
peaceable towards us; so that enjoying a quiet and
peaceable life, we may spend our days in all godliness
and honesty. Let us commemorate the holy martyrs,
that we may be deemed worthy to be partakers of their
trial. Let us pray for all those who have fallen asleep
in the faith. Let us pray for the good condition of
the air, and the ripening of the fruits. Let us pray
for those that are newly -baptized, that they may be
confirmed in the faith, that all may be mutually com-
forted by one another. Raise us up, O God, by Thy
grace. Rising up, let us devote ourselves to God
through Jesus Christ.

And let the Bishop say,

O God Who art great, great in name and counsel,
powerful in Thy works, the God and Father of Thy
holy Son Jesus Christ our Saviour, look upon this

Thy flock, which Thou hast chosen throupfh Him to
the glory of Thy Name; sanctify us in body and soul ;
and grant that we being purified from all filthiness of
flesh and spirit, may partake of the mystic blessings
now lying before Thee, and judge none of us unworthy
of them, but be Thou our supporter, our helper, and
defender, through Thy Christ, with Whom glory,
honour, laud, praise, and thanksgiving be to Thee
and the Holy Ghost for ever. Amen.

And after all have said, Amen, let the Deacon say,
Let us attend.

And the Bishop shall speak aloud to the People in
this manner :

HOLY THINGS FOR HOLY PERSONS.

And let the People answer: There is one IJoly,
one Lord, one Jesus Christ to the glory of God
the Father, blessed for evermore. Amen. Glory be
to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will
towards men. Hosannato the Son of David. Blessed
be He that cometh in the Name of the Lord : God
is the Lord, and He hath appeared unto us.
Hosanna in the highest.

After this, let the Pi shop receive ; then the Pres-
byters, and Peacons, and Sub-Peacons, and I{eade?-s,
and Singers, and A.^cetics ; and of the n-omen, the
Peaeonesses, Virgins, and Widows. Afterwards the
Children, and then all the People in oxlcr rcith fear
and reverence, without tumult or noise. And the
Pishop shall give the oblation, saying. The Body of
Christ.

A7id let him that receives say. Amen.

And the Peacon shall hold tlie cup, and v)hen he gives
it, let him say, The Blood of Cuiusr, the cup of life.

And let him that drinks sai/, Amen.

Let the 2Viirt7j-Third Psalm he said while the r-est
are receiving ; and when all, both men and women,
have received, let the Deacons take up that which is
over and carry them into the Sacristy. {}^)

And let the Deacon say, when the Singers have
finished,

Having received the precious Body and precious
Blood of Christ, let us give thanks'^ to Him Who
hath vouchsafed that we should receive His holy-
mysteries,— and let us beseech Him that they may
not be to us to judgment, but to salvation; to the
advantage of soul and body, to the pres( rvation of
godliness, to the forgiveness of sins, to the life of the
world to come. Let us rise. In the grace of Christ,
let us commend ourselves to God, the only-unbegotten
God, and to His Christ.

And let the J3ishop give thanks.

Master, God Almighty, Father of Christ, Thy
Blessed Son, Who art ready to hear them that with
uprightness call upon Thee ; Who also knowest the
petitions of them that are silent; we yield Thee thanks
tiiat Thou hast vouchsafed us to receive Thy holy
mysteries, which Thou hast afforded us, to the preser-
vation of godliness, to the remission of sins, because the
name of Thy Christ has been called upon us, and we
have been made members of Thy family. Thou That
liast separated us from fellowship with the wicked, unite

(^^) 'Eis ra va(rri)(pofia. The word Seems originally to have been
used of that which was bonie on a shrine : from 'pra.irTov, a small
chapel ; and that again from -jracffu, either iu the sense of orna-
mental work generally, or of embroidery in particular, from the
curtain hung before such a shrine.

us with them that are hallowed to Thee : establish us
in the truth by the coming down of the Holy Ghost :
that which we know not do Thou reveal : that which is
wanting in us do Thou fill up ; in that which we know
do Thou strentjthen us: guard continually Thy Priests
.blameless in Thy service : keep evermore kings in
peace, rulers in righteousness, the atmosphere in good
temperature, the fruits in abundance, the world in
all-powerful (*') forethought. Soften the natures that
dehght in war : turn again that which has gone astray :
hallow Thy people : continually preserve them that
are in chastity : preserve in faith those who are in
marriage: fill with mio;ht them that observe continence:
bring the babes to ripe age : confirm the newly-
initiated : educate the catechumens, and cause them
to become worthy of initiation ; and bring us all
together to the kingdom of heaven : through Christ
Jesus our Lord : through Whom.

And let the Deacon say,

To God, through His Christ, bow down and
receive the blessing.

And let the Bishop pray, saying,

God, the Almighty, the True and Incomparable,
Who art ever existent, and all present, and existest in
nothing ; Thou Who art not circumscribed by places.
Who art not aged by times. Who art not limited by
ages. Who art not led aside by words; Who art not
subject to generation. Who needest not guard, Who art

(•2) I would propose to substitute for TravaX*?;, which does not
seem to tjive any particular sense here : the woi d vavccXdi, which
is used by Nicauder, in the sense of all healing, and which would
better respond to the general sense.

superior to destruction, Who art unsusceptible of turn-
ing, Who art immutable by nature, Who inhabitest the
light which no man can approach unto, Who art com-
prehensible to all rational natuies that seek Thee with
good feeling, Who art invisible by Thy nature, Who art
comprehended of them that with good will seek Thee
the God of Israel, of him that truly ('^) seeth Thee:
of Thy people that belie veth in Christ: be favour-
able and hear me for Thy Name : and bless them
that have bowed down their necks to Thee, and give
to them the desires of their hearts so far as may be
expedient for them ; and grant that none of them may
be rejected from Thy kingdom ; but sanctify them,
guard, shelter, assist, preserve fi'om the enemy, and
from every adversary. Guard their houses ; preserve
their comings in and their goings out : for to TIjee is
glory, laud, magnificence, worship, adoi-ation, and to
Thy Son Jesus, Thy Christ, our Loru and God and
King, and to the Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to
ages of ages. Amen.

And let the Deacon say, Depart in peace.

These things we, the Apostles, enjoin concerning the
Mystic Service to you, the Bishops, the Priests, and
the Deacons.

(^^) Allusion is made to the derivation of Israel — "that sees
God."

THE DIVINE LITURGY

Deacon. Sir, give the blessing.

Priest. Blessed be the kingdom of the Father, the
Son, and the Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to
aiies of ages.

Choir. Amen.

Deacon. In peace let us make our supplications to
the Lord.

Choir. Kyrie eleison : {and so at the eiid of every
■petition.)

Deacon. For the peace that is from above, and for
the salvation of our souls, let us make our supplica-
tions to the Lord.

For the peace of the whole world, the stability of
the holy Churches of God, and the union of all, let.

For this holy house, and them that in faith, piety,
and the fear of God enter into it, let.

For our Archbishop N. ; the venerable Presbytery,
the Diaconate in Christ, all the Clergy and the laity,
let.

For our most pious and divinely preserved kings,
all their palace and their army, let.

That He would fight on their side, and subdue
every enemy and adversary under their fieet, let.

For this holy abode, the whole city and country,
and them that inhabit it, in faith, let.

For healthfulness of air, plenty of the fruits of the
earth, and peaceful times, let.

For them that voyage, that journey, that are sick,
that labour, that are in bonds, and their safety, let.^

That we may be preserved from all tribulation,
passion, danger, and necessity, let.

Assist, preserve, pity, and protect us, O God, by
Thv o;race.

Commemorating the all-holy, spotless, excellently
laudable, and glorious Lady, the Mother of God and
Ever-Virgin Mary, with All Saints, let us commend
ourselves and each other and all our life to Christ
our God.

Choir. To Thee, O Lord.

Priest (aloud). For all glory, worship, and honour
befits Thee, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now
and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen.

The first Antiphon is sung hy the Choir, and the
Priest saith the Prayer of the first Antij)hon. The
Deacon, having made a reverence, leaves his place,
and goes and stands before the Icon of the 3Iother of
GoT>, {^) looking towards the Icon of CnniST, taking
hold of theSorarion with three fingers of his right hand.

\_First Antiphon. {^)

Stichos. The heavens declai-e the glory of God :
and the firmament sheweth His handywork.

By the intercession of the Mother of God.

(1) This rubric is not given in the older editions. In the Russian
Church it is worded differently, but with the same meaning.
"The Deacon goes and stands before the icon of Christ." But
hoth directions simply place him on the north side of the holy
doors, under the icon of the Panaghia, there represented.

(-) As an example of these Antiphons, I have given those for
Pentecost ; and shall do so in the succeeding Antiphons.

St^chos. One day telleth another : and one night
certifieth another.

By the intercession of the Mother of God.
Stichos. There is neither speech nor language : but
their voices are heard among them.

By the intercession of the Mother of God.
Stichos. Their sound is gone out unto all lands :
and their words unto the end of the world.

By the intercession of the Mother of God.

Glory. Both now.

By the intercession of the Mother of God.]

Prai/er of the First Antiphon.

Lord our God, of boundless might, and incompre-
hensible glory, and measureless compassion, and
ineffable love to man, look down, O Loud, according
to Thy tender love, on us, and on this holy house, and
show to us, and to them that pray with us, the riches
of Thy mercies and compassions.

And after the Antiphon hath been sung, the Deaco7i
comes and stayids in the accustorned place, adores and
says,

Again and again in peace let us make our supplica-
tions to the Lord.

Assist, preserve, pity, and protect us, O God.

Commemorating the all-holy, undefiled, excellently
laudable, glorious Lady, &c.

Exclamation. For Thine is the strength, and Thine
is the kingdom, the power and the glory, Father,
&c.

In lihe manner the Choir sing the second Antiphon.
The Deacon doth the same as in the foi^mer Prayer,

[Second Antiphon.

Stichos. The Lord hear thee in the day of trouble:
the Name of the God of Jacob defend thee.

Save us, O good Paraclete, who chant to Thee
Alleluia.
Stichos. Send thee help from the Sanctuary : and
strengthen thee out of Sion.

Save us, O good Paraclete, who chant to Thee
Alleluia.
Stichos llemember all thy offerings ; and accept
thy burnt sacrifice.

Save us, O good Paraclete, who chant to Thee
Alleluia.
Glory. Both now.
The Only-Begotten Son and Word of God.]

The Prayer of the Second Antiphon.

Lord our God, save Thy people, and bless Thine
inheritance: guard the fulness of Thy Church: hallow
them that love the beauty of Thine house. Glorify
them in recompence with Thy divine power : and
forsake not them that put their trust in Thee.

Deacon. Again and again, in peace, &c.

Assist, preserve, &c.

Conimeiiiorating the most holy, &c.

Exclamation. For Thou art the good God, and the
lover of men, and to Thee we ascribe, &c.

The Prayer of the Third Antiphon. (3)

Thou, Who hast given us grace, at this time, with
one accord, to make our common supplications unto

(•*) It would be curious to trace how this prayer came into our
Prayer-liook : for tliere is no reason to supjio&e the Reformers
intimately acquainted with the formularies of the Eastern Church.

Thee : and dost promise that, when two or three are
gathered together in Thy Name, Thou wilt grant their
requests : fulfil now, O Lord, the desires and petitions
of Thy servants, as may be most expedient for them :
granting us in this world knowledge of Thy truth,
and, in the world to come, life everlasting.

And while the Third Antiphon is being sung hy the
Choir, or, if it he Sunday, the Beatitudes, {^^ when
they come to the Doxology, the Priest and Deacon
make three reverences before the Holy Table. Then
the Pi-iest, taking the Holy Gospel, giveth it to the
Deacon : and thus going through the north portion of
the Sanctuary, preceded by lamjis, they make the
Little Entrance.

{Third Antiphon.

Stichos. The king shall rejoice in Thy strength, O
Lord : exceeding ghid shall he be of thy salvation.
Blessed art Thou, Christ our God.
Thou hast given him his heart's desire : and hast
not denied him the request of his lips.

Blessed art Thou, Christ our God.
Stichos. For Thou shalt prevent him with the bless-
ings of goodness : and shalt set a crown of pure gold
upon his head.

Blessed art Thou, Christ our God.
Stichos. He asked life of Thee, and Thou gavest
him a long life : even for ever and ever.

Blessed be Thou, Christ our God.

{}) It is strange that Goar should not have known that our
LoKD'd Beatitudes were here intended; or at least should not
have been certain of it. " Hymui," says lie, "sanctorum beati-
tudinis memoriam recolentcs : vel potius ei« beatitudincs de quibus
S. Mafthiei v. : vel tandem pia vivcutiuni vota pro defunctorum
requie."

Isodicon. (^) Be Thou exalted, Lord, in Thine
own strength : so will we sing and praise Thy power.
Save us, O good Paraclete, who sing to
Thee Alleluia.]

Deacon, (in a low voice.) Let us make our suppli-
cations to the Lord.

Priest secretly saith the Prayer of the Entrance.

Master, Lord, and our God, Who hast disposed in
heaven troops and armies of Angels and Archangels,
for the ministry of Thy glory : grant that with our
entrance there may be an entrance of holy Angels,
ministering together with us, and with us glorifying
Thy goodness.

For to Thee is due all honour, &c.

The Prayer being finished, the Deacon jwinting
with his right hand to the cast, and holding his
Horarion with three Jingers, saith to the Priest,

Sir, bless the Holy Entrance.

Priest. Blessed be the entrance of Thy Saints,
always, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Then the Deacon thus goes to the Ilegumen, if any
he present, who hisseth the Gospel : hut if none he
present, the Priest hisseth it.

And when the Troparia are ended, the Deacon
comes forth into the vu'tdle, and standing before the
Priest., raiseth his hands a little, and showing the Holy
Gospel, saith with a loud voice,

Wisdom, stand up. (^)

(^) The anlhem accompanying the Little Entrance.

(6) 'J his seems the more natural reading ; but many editions
read, o-«(pi((, which must be interpreted to mean, "In wisdom
stand up ;" and thus be a warning against the sin and folly, of now
sitting.

Then he himself adores, and the Priest behind him:
and they both go to the hohj bema, and the Deacon
puts down the Hoh/ Gospel on the Holy Table, and the
Choir sing the accustomed Troparia, and when they
are singing the last, the Deacon saith,

Let us make our supplications to the Lorb. (7)

Priest. For holy art Thou, our God ; and we
ascribe glory to Thee, Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, now and for ever.

Deacon. And to ages of ages.

Choir. Amen.

The Choir sing the Trisagion.

Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and Immortal,
have mercy upon us. (five times.)

In the meantime the Priest saith secretly the Prayer
of the Trisagion.

God, Which art holy, and restest in the holies.
Who art hymned with the voice of the Trisagion by
the Seraphim, and glorified by the Cherubim, and
adored by all the heavenly powers : Thou Who didst
from nothing call all things into being j Who didst
make man after Thine image and likeness, and didst
adorn him with all Thy graces ; Who givest to him
that seckcth wisdom and understanding, and passest
not by the sinner, but dost give repentance to salva-
tion ;' Who hast vouchsafed that we, Thy humble and
unworthy servants, should stand even at this time
before the glory of Thy holy Altar, and should pay
to Thee the worship and praise that is meet : receive,
Lord, out of the mouth of us sinners the hymn of the

Q) In the older copies this is thus given : " Sir, bless the time
of the Trisagion."

100

Trisagion, and visit us in Thy proodness. Forgive ns
every offence, voluntary and involuntary. Sanctify
our souls and bodies, and o-rant that we mav serve
Thee in holiness all the days of our life ; through the
intercessions of the Holy Mother of God, and all the
Saints who have pleased Thee since the beginning of
the world. {Aloud.) For holy art Thou, our God,
and to Thee.

When this Prayer is finished, the Priest also and
Deacon say the Trisagion, viahing at the same time
three reverences before the holy Table. Then the
Deacon saith to the Priest,

Sir, give the order. And they go towards the

throne.

And the Priest saith as he goes,

Blessed is He that cometh in the Name of the Lord.

Deacon. Sir, bless the throne.

Priest. Blessed art Thou upon the throne of Thy
glory, Who sittest upon the Cherubims, always, now
and ever, and to ages of ages.

And when the Choir have finished the Trisagion,
the Deacon, covi'ing hefiore the holy doors, saith,

Let us attend.
Reader. Alleluia, (s)

(^) Here, as in the Rubric at the end of the Epistle, the Greek
runs thus : Alleluia, a Psalm of David. But no Psalm is here
sung; and therefore the question arises, what is the reason of the
insertion. Some commentators receive it as an explanation of
the Alleluia; as much as to say, that this ascription of praise was
of the composition of David. But this seems very harsh. Were
there any trace in Greek ritualists of a psalm having been anciently
followed, 1 should believe that after the rile was given up the
Rubric remained. The addition is not to be found in the
Slavonic.

101

Deacon. Wisdom.

The Reader saith the Prokimenon Q>) of the Apostle^
e.g. on the Festival of S. Demetrius.

The righteous shall rejoice in the Lord.
Stichos. Hear, O God, my voice.
Deacon. Let us attend.

The Apostle is read.

And the Apostle being ended, the Priest saith,

(1°) Peace be to thee.
Reader. Alleluia.

While the Alleluia is being sung, the Deacon goes
to the Priest, and after ashing for a blessing Jrovi
him, censes the holy Table in a circle, and the whole
sanctuary, and the Priest. And the Priest saith the
Prayer before the Gosjjel.

O Lord and lover of men, cause the pure light of
Thy Divine knowledge to shine forth in our hearts,
and open the eyes of our understanding, that we may
comprehend the precepts of Thy Gospel. Plant in
us also the fear of Thy blessed commandments, that
we, trampling upon all carnal lusts, may seek a
heavenly citizenship, both saying and doing always

(9) The Prokimenon, or short anthem before the Epistle, con-
sists of a verse and response : generally, but not always, taken
from the Psalms, but hardly ever consisting of consecutive phrases.
According to S. Germanus, tlie Prokimenon signifies the previous
proclamation by the Prophets of that Christ of Whom the
Epistle is about to tell. And the versicles are chosen with that
intent, e.g. in the festival of the Expectation of the Nativity:

V. The Lord said unto Me, Thou art My S'on.
R. Desire of Me, and I shall give Thee the heathen for Thine
inheritance.

('") This is technically called i'ipr,viiin rh 'A^ia^rokiv.

102

such things as shall well please Thee. For Thou art
the illumination of our souls and bodies, Christ our
God 5 and to Thee we ascribe, Ike.

And the Deacon drawing nigh to the Priest, and
laying aside his censer, and bowing to the Priest and
holding the Horarion with the Holy Gospel with the
tips of his fingers, in the 2>i'^('Ce of the holy Table
whereon it lies, saith,

Sir, bless the preacher of the holy Apostle and
Evangelist N.

And the Priest, signing him with the Cross, saith,
God, through the preaching of the holy and glori-
ous Apostle and Evangelist N., give to thee who
evangelizest the word with much power, to the accom-
plishment of the Gospel of His beloved Son our Lord
Jesus Christ.
Deacon. Amen.

Aiid having adored with reverence the Holy Gosjyel,
he tahes it vp ; and going through the holy doors,
preceded by tapers, he stands in the ambon, or in the
appoirtted place Arid the Priest standing before the
holy Table, and looking towards the west, saith, with
a loud voice,

Wisdom, stand up ; let us hear the holy Gospel.

Peace to all.

Deacon. The lection from the Holy Gospel accord-
ing to N.

Priest. Let us attend.

The Gospel is read.
When it is finished, the Priest saith to the Deacon,
Peace be to thee that evangelizest.

103

And the Deacon golnf) to the holy doom, returns
the Holy Gospel to the Priest; and standing in the
accustomed place, begins thus :

Let us all say with our whole heart and soul,

Choir. Lord, have mercy. (Thrice.)

Lord Almighty, God of our fathers, we pray Thee,
hear, and have mercy upon us.

Have mercy upon us, O God, after Thy great good-
ness : we pray Thee, hear, and have mercy upon us.

Prayer of the Ectene.

Lord our God, we pray Thee to receive this intense
supplication from Thy servants, accoiding to the mul-
titude of Thy merc^ , and send down Thy compassions
upon us, and upon all Thy people, which is expecting
the rich mercy that is from Thee.

Deacon. Further we pray for pious and orthodox
Christians.

Peoj)le. Lord, have mercy. (And so at the end of
every petition.)

Further we pray for our Archbishop N.

Further we pray for our brethren, Priests, Monks,
and all our brotherhood in Christ.

Further we pray for the blessed and ever memorable
founders of this holy abode, and for all our fathers and
brethren that have fallen asleep before us, and lie here,
and the orthodox that lie everywhere.

Further we pray for mercy, life, peace, health, safety,
protection, forgiveness, and remission of sins of the
servants of God, the brethren of this holy habitation.

Further we pray for them that bring forth fruit and
do good deeds in this holy and all- venerable temple,
that labour, that sing, and for the peojjle that stand
around, and are expecting the great and rich mercy
that is from Thee.

104

Exclamation. For Thou art the merciful God and
the lover of men, and to Thee we ascribe.

Deacon, Catechumens, pray unto the Lord. Let
us, the faithful, pray for the Catechumens, that the
Lord may have mercy upon them, and may teach
them the word of truth.

People. Lord, have mercy. And so at the end of
each petition.

That He may reveal to them the Gospel of right-
eousness.

That He may unite them to His Holy Catholic and
Apostolic Church.

Preserve, have mercy, support, and continually
guard them, O God.

Catechumens, bow your heads to the Lord.

Prayer of the Catechumens before the holy Oblation-

Lord our God, Who dwellest on high, and beholdest
the humble. Who didst send forth the salvation of the
race of man. Thine Only-Begotten Son, our God and
Lord Jesus Christ, look down upon Thy servants
the Catechumens, who have bowed their necks unto
Thee ; and make them worthy, in due season, of the
laver of regeneration, of the forgiveness of sins, of the
robe of immortality ; unite them to Thy Holy Catholic
and Apostolic Church, and number them together with
Thy elect flock, {aloud.) That they also, together
Avith us, may glorify Thy honourable and majestic
Xame, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and
ever, and to ages of ages.

Choir. Amen.

The Priest unfolds the corporal,
EXPULSION OF THE CATECHUMENS.

105

Deacon. Let all the Catechumens depart ; (ii) Cate-
chumens depart ; let all the Catechumens, depart ; let
not any of the Catechumens — ; let all the faithful ; —

Again and again in peace let us make our supplica-
tions to the Lord. And he saith the short Ectene :
while the Priest saith secretly

The first Prayer of the Faithful, after the unfoldiny
of the corjwral.

We yield Thee thanks, Lord God of Sabaoth,Wlio
hast thought us worthy to stand even now at Thine
Altar, and to fall down before Thy mercies, for our
sins and the ignorances of Thy people : receive, O
God, our supplications ; make us worthy to offer to
Thee supplications and prayers, and unbloody sacri-
fices for all Thy people ; and strengthen us, whom
Thou hast placed in this Thy ministry, with the
strength of the Holy Ghost, that we may without
offence, and without scandal, in a pure testimony of
our conscience, call upon Thee in every time and
place ; that hearing us Thou mayest be merciful to us
in the multitude of Thy goodness.

Deacon, Assist, preserve, pity.

Wisdom.

Priest. Exclamation. For to Thee belonseth all
glory, honour, and worship. Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Deacon. Again and again in peace let us make our
supplications to the Lord. And he saith the short
Ectene ; rvhile the Priest saith secretly

(") Literally, pass forward, {■^rpoixh^ri) but quite used in the
seuse of depart ; and so translated in the Slavonic.

106

The second Prayer of the Faithful.

Again and oftentimes we fall down before Thee, and
beseecli Thee, O good God and lover of men, that
Thou wouldest look upon our prayers, purify our souls
and bodies from all pollution of flesh and spirit, and
grant that our standing before Thy holy Altar may be
irreprehensible and unblameable. Grant, O Lord, to
them who pray together with us, advance in [holy]
life, wisdom, and spiritual understanding : grant them
at all times with fear and love to serve Thee irrepre-
hensibly ; and without condemnation to partake of
Thy holy mysteries, and to be thought worthy of Thy
heavenly kingdom.

Deacon. Assist, preserve, &c.
Wisdom.

Priest. Exclamation. That, being ever guarded
by Thy might, we may ascribe glory to Thee, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages
of ages.

Choir. Amen.

The Choir sing the Cherubic Hymn.

Lot us, who mystically represent the Cherubim, and
sing the holy hymn to the quickening Trinity, lay
by at this time all worldly cares ; that we may receive
the King of Glory, invisibly attended by the angelic
orders. Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia.

Prayer which the Priest saith secretly, while the
Cherubic Hymn is being sung. {}•)

('-) As the Cherubic hymn was only composed in the time of
Justinian, it is clear thiit the prayer of that liymn must be an
insertion. And accordingly, it is not to be found in the very
ancient Barberini MS. of this Liturgy, to which Goar so often
refers.

107

None is worthy among them that are bound with
fleshly desires and pleasures to approach Thee, nor to
draw near, nor to sacrifice unto Thee, King of Glory;
for to minister to Thee is great and fearful, even to the
heavenly powei's themselves. Yet through Thine
ineffable and measureless love, Thou didst unchange-
ably and immutably become man, and didst {^^) take
the title of our High Priest, and didst give to us the
Ilierurgy of this liturgic and unbloody Sacrifice, as
being Lord of all : for Thou only, O Lord our God,
rulest over things in heaven and things on earth. Who
sittest upon the cherubic throne, Lord of Seraphim,
and King of Israel, only hol}'^, and resting in the
holies. On Thee I importunately call, (i*) That art
only good and ready to hear, look upon me a sinner,
and Thine unworthy servant, and cleanse my soul and
heart from an evil conscience ; and strengthen, with
the might of Thy Holy Ghost, me that have been
endued with the grace of Priesthood, that I may stand
by this Thy holy Altar, and sacrifice Thy holy and
spotless Body and precious Blood. For Thee I
approach bowing my neck, and pray of Thee, Turn
not Thy face away from me, nor reject me i'rom the
number of Thy sons ; but condescend that these gifts
may be offered to Thee by me, a sinner and Thine
unworthy servant. For Thou art He That oti'erest, (^5j

(13) 'Ex;p-/i/u.a.riira;. King, less correctly, " becainest." But
in the new Greek, this verb means to assume a name; so Poly-
bius, more than once.

('■*) King, " I call upon Thee :" Goar, " Te deprecor." But
iuiruTcu is more than this; it is "to put a man out of counte-
nance," and so " to be imjJortuDate :" and is frequently thus used
by Plutarch, though not by more classical authors.

('^) That offercst and art offered, and rcceivest and art dis-
tributed. One sliould have thought that no great difficulty could
be found or made in these words, lliat afferent — "for this He

108

and art offered, and receivest and art distributed,
Christ our God ; and to Thee we ascribe, &c.

When this prayer is finished, they also say the
Cheruhic Hymn. Then the Deacon, taking the censer ^
and putting incense on it, goes to the Priest : and
after receiving a blessing from him, censes the holy
liable in a circle, and all the sanctuary, and the Priest :
and he saith the 6\st Psalm, and other penitential
Troparia, such as he Kill, with the Priest. And they
go to the Prothesis, the Deacon preceding. And the
Deacon having censed the holy things, and said to
himself,

God be merciful to me a sinner, saith to the Priest ,
Sir, lift up.

And the Priest raising the Air, puts it on the left
shoulder of the Deacon saying.
Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the
Lord.

Then, taking the holy disk, he jiuts it with all care
and reverence on the Deacon s head, the Deacon also
holding the censer with one of his fingers. And the
Priest himself taking the holy chalice in his hands,
they go through the 7iorth part, p)receded by tapers,
and make

did once, when He offered up Himself," — and art offered, in the
Oblation of the Mystic Sacrifice, — That receivest that Sacrifice,
and art received by them that present it. However, about the
year 1155 a great dispute arose on the question. A Deacon of
Constantinople taught that this could not be the meaning of the
passage, because the sacrifice was not offered to Christ, but to
the Father and the Hoi.y Ghost alone. A Council met at
Constantinople, January 2t!th, 1166, under the Patriarch, Luke
Chrysoberges, to decide the question : and Soterichus Panteu-
genus, Patriarch Elect of Antioch, who had taught the new
dogma, was declared unworthy of his office.

109

The Great Entrance, (i^)

hoth prayiiifj for all, and saying, The Lord God
remember us all in His kingdom, always, now and
ever, and to ages of ages.

A7id the Deacon, going within the holy doors, stands
071 the right hand ; and when the Priest is about to
enter in, he saith to him,

The Lord God remember thy Priesthood in His
kingdom.

Priest. The Lord God remember thy Diaconate in
His kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of
ages.

And the Priest sets down the chalice on the holy
Table, and taking the holy dish from the head of the
Deacon, he places it there also, saying,

Honourable Joseph took Thy spotless Body from
the cross, and wrapped it in clean linen with spices^,
and with funeral rites placed it in a new tomb.

In the grave bodily, in Hades spiritually, as GoD^
with the thief in paradise as in a throne, wert Thou,
O Christ, with tiie Father and the Holy Ghost,
Who art incircumscript and fillest all things.

How life-giving, how more beautiful than paradise,.
and verily more splendid than any royal chamber, ia
Thy tomb, O Christ, the fountain of our resurrec-
tion.

('•') It is the custom of those who are sick, or who stand in
need of any especial blessinjj, to liiicel in the path of the Great
Entrance, in order to receive the viitue of tlie Holy Mysteries.
Tlie custom of adoring tlirt wliicli is, as yet, mere bread and
wine, with anticipaiive adoration, has always cost the Orientals
much trouble to defend it 3 and it has been abolished by the
Roman Censors in Uniat rites. A treatise on the subject, by
Gabriel of Philadelphia, v.as published at Venice in 1G04.

Then, taking the coverings from the holy dish and
the holy chalice, lie places them on one part of the
holy Table; and taking the Air from the Deacon's
shoulder, and censing it, lie covers with it the holy
things, saying.

Honourable Joseph, dow7i to in a new tomb.

And taking the censer from the Deacon's hands, he
censeth the holy things thrice, saying,

Then shall they offer young bullocks upon Thine
Altar.

And jnitting doivn the censer, and letting fall his
phelonion, and borving his head, he saith to the Deacon,

Remember me, brother and fellow-minister.
Deacon. The Loud God remember Thy Priesthood
in His kingdom.

Then the Deacon also himself slightly bowing his
head, and holding his Horarion with the three fingers
of his right hand, saith to the Priest,

Holy Sir, pray for me.

Priest. The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee,
and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee.

Deacon. The same Spirit shall be fellow-minister
with us, all the days of our life.

Aiid again, Holy Sir, remember me.

Priest. The Lord God remember thee in His
kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Deacon. Amen.

And having hissed the Priest's hand, he goes out, and
standing in the customary place, saith.

Let us accomplish our supplications to the Lord.

Choir. Kyrie eleison. Atid so to the end of each
suffrage.

Ill

Deacon. For the precious gifts that have been pro-
posed, let us make our supplications to the Lord.

For this holy house, and them that with faith, reve-
rence, and the fear of God, enter into it, let.

That we may be delivered from all afflictions, passion, .
danger, and necessity, let.

Assist, preserve.

That the whole day may be perfect, holy, peaceful,
without sin, let us ask from the Lord.

Choir. Grant, O Lord. And so at the end of every
suffrage.

Deacon. The angel of peace, faithful guide, guardian
of our souls and bodies, let.

Pardon and remission of our sins and our trans-
gressions, let.

Things that are good and profitable for our souls,
and peace to the world, let.

That we may accomplish the remainder of our lives
in peace and penitence, let.

Christian ends of our lives, without torment, with-
out shame, peaceful, and a good defence at the fearful
tribunal, let us ask from Christ.

Commemorating the all-holy.

As this Ectene (i'^) is being said, the Priest saith
secretly the Prayer of Oblation, after the Divine
Gifts are placed on the holy Table.

Lord, God Almighty, Only Holy, Who receivest
the sacrifice of praise from them that call upon Thee
with their whole heart, receive also the sup|)lication
of us sinners, and cause it to approach to Tliy holy
Altar, and enable us to present gifts to Thee, and

(") It is not worth while to notice the verbal differences of this
Ectene. In no part of tlio Litiir{j;y do MSS. and editions so much
vary. But tlie variations are quite non-essential.

112

spiritual sacrifices for our sins, and for the errors of
the people : and cause us to find i^race in Thy sight,
that this our sacrifice may be acceptable unto Thee,
and that the good Spirit of Thy grace may tabernacle
upon us, and upon these gifts jiresented unto Thee,
and upon all Thy people.

Priest. (Exclamation.) Through the mercies of
Thine Only-Begotten Son, Avith Whom Thou art to
be blessed, and with the all-holy, and good, and
quickening Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Peace to all.

Deacon. Let us love one anothei'j that we may with
one mind confess.

Choir. Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, the Con-
substantial and Undivided Trinity.

A?id the Priest, having thrice adored, hisses the Holi/
Gifts, as they lie veiled, saying secretly thrice,
I will love Thee, O Lord, my strength ; the Lord
is my stony rock and my defence.

If there he two or more Priests, each kisses the
Holy Things, and then each other on the shoulder,
saying,

Christ is among us.

He is and will be.

In like manner also the Deacon adores thrice where
he stands, and hisses his Ilorarion on its cross, and
tJius exclaims.

The doors ! the doors ! (}^) Let us attend in wisdom.

(1**) The meaning of this sentence is very obscure. Some
authors, as Cabasilas, explain it mystically, as an injunction to
close the doors of the mind against worldly business and thoughts ;
others, much moie naturally, take it as an injunction to the
Clerks, not to allow heathens, &c,, to be present at the Divine
Mysteries.

113

People. I believe in one God.
Deacon. Stand we well : stand we with fear : let us
attend to offer the holy Oblation in peace.

Choir. The mercy of peace, the sacrifice of praise.

Ayid the Deacon adores, and comes to the holy JBema ;
and taking the fan, fans the Oblation reverently.

Ajid the Priest taking the Air from the Holy Gifts,
lays it on one side, saying.

The grace of our Loud Jesus Christ, and the love
of God the Father, and the fellowship of the Holy
Ghost, be with you all.

Choir. And with thy spirit.

Priest. Lift we up our hearts. ,

Choir. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Priest. Let us give thanks to the Lord.

Choir. It is meet and right to worship the Father,
the Sox, and the Holy Ghost, the consubstantial and
undivided Trinity.

Priest. It is meet and right to hymn Thee, to bless
Thee, to praise Thee, to give thanks to Thee, to wor-
ship Thee, in every part of Thy dominion, For Thou
art God, ineflable, inconceivable, invisible, incompre-
hensible, the same from everlasting to everlasting ;
Thou and Thine Only-Begotten Son, and the Holy
Ghost. For Thou broushtedst us forth to being from
nothing, and when we had fallen didst raise us up
again, and gavest not over until Thou liadst done
every thing that Thou mightest bring us to heaven,
and bestow on us Thy kingdom to come. For all
these things we give thanks to Thee, and to Tiiinc
Only-Begotten Son, and Tiiy Holy Ghost, for Thy
benefits which we know, and which we know not,
manifest and concealed, which Thou hast bestowed

114

npon us. We give Thee thanks also for this ministry
which Thon hast vouchsafed to receive at our hands :
although there stand by Thee thousands of Archangels,
and ten thousands of Angels, the Cherubim, and the
Seraphim that have six wings, and are full of eyes,
and soar aloft on their wino-s, sinccine:, vociferatins:,
shouting, and saying the triumphal hymn.

Choir. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord of Sabaoth ;
heaven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in
the highest : blessed is He that cometh in the Name
of the Lord : Hosanna in the highest.

Then the Deacon, tahing the asterhhfrom the holy
disk, signs it with the sign of the cross, and having
saluted it, replaces it.

Priest. We also with these blessed powers. Lord
and Lover of men, cry and say, Holy art Thou and
All-Holy, Thou and Thy Only-Begotten Son, and
Thine Holy Ghost. Holy art Thou and All-Holy,
and great is the majesty of Thy glory :

Who didst so love Thy world, as to give Thine
Only-Begotten Son, that whoso believeth in Him
might not perish, but might have everlasting life :
Who having come, and having fulfilled for us all the
dispensation, in tlie night wherein He was betrayed,
or rather surrendered Himself for the life of the world,
took bread in His holy and pure and spotless hands,
and gave thanks, and blessed, and hallowed, and
brake, and gave to His holy Disciples and Apostles,
saying, {aloud,) Take, eat : this is My Body which is
broken for you for the remission of sins.

Choir. Amen.

Priest, (?n a low voice,) Likewise after supper He
took the cup, saying, (aloud,) Drink ye all of this :

115

Tliis is My Blood of the New Testament, wliich is
shed for you and for many for the remission of sins.

Choir. Amen.

Priest, {_m a low voice,) We therefore remembering
this salutary precept, and all that happened on our
behalf, the Cross, the Tomb, the Resurrection on the
third day, the Ascension into heaven, the Session on
the right hand, the second and glorious coming again,
{aloud,) in (i9) behalf of all, and for all, we oifer Thee
Thine own of Thine own.

Choir. Thee we hymn. Thee we praise : to Thee
■we give thanks, Lord, and pray to Thee, our God.

Priest, (in a low voice,) Moreover we offer unto
Thee this reasonable and unbloody sacrifice: and
beseech Thee and pray and supplicate; send down
Thy Holy Ghost upon us, and on these proposed
gifts.

The Beacon lays down the veil, and goes nearer to
the Priest, and they both adore thrice hej'ore the holy
Tahle, i)raying secretly, and saying,

God be merciful to me a sinner.

Then
Lord, YvHio didst send down Thy Holy Ghost the
third hour on the Apostles, take Him not from us, O
good God, but renew Him in us who pray to Thee :

Then

Make me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right
spirit within me. Cast me not away from Thy pre-
sence.
. Glory.

Blessed art Thou, Christ our God, Who didst fill

(•3) Kara -KavTu. is better rendeied by in relation to all, or in
behalf of all, than by tlio usual version, in all.

116

the fishermen with all manner of wisdom, sending
down upon them the Holy Ghost : and by them hast
brought the whole world into Thy net, O Lover of
men : glory be to Thee.

Both now.

When the ?Iighest came down and confounded the
tongues, He divided the nations ; when He distributed
the tongues of fire, He called all to unity, and with
one voice we praise the Holy Ghost.

Then the Deacon bowing his head, and pointing
with his Horarion to the holy bread, saith in a low
voice,

Sir, bless the holy bread.

The Priest standeth up, and thrice maheth the sign of
the cross on the Holy Gifts, saying,

And make this bread the precious Body of Thy
Christ.

Deacon. Amen. Sir, bless the holy cup.

Priest. And that which is in this cup, the precious
Blood of Thy Christ.

Deacon. Amen. And pointing with his Horarion
to both the Holy Tilings,

Sir, bless.

Priest. Changing them by Thy Holy Ghost.

Deacon. Amen, Amen, Amen.

Then the Deacon bows his head to the Priest, and

saith.
Holy Sir, remember me a sinner.

Then he stands in his former 2)l(icc, and taking the
fan, fans the Oblations as before.
Pi'iest. So that they may be to those that participate,
for purification of soul,i'orgiveness of sins, communion

117

of the Holy Ghost, fulfilment of the kino-dom of
heaven, boldness towards Thee, and not to judgment
nor to condemnation.

And further we offer to Thee this reasonable service
on behalf of those who have departed in the faith, our
ancestors, Fathers, Patriarchs, Propliets, Apostles,
Preachers, Evangelists, Martyrs, Confessors, Virgins,
and every just spirit made jjerfect in the faith.

The Deacon censes the holy Table in a circle, and
commemorates such of the living and dead as he will.

Priest, {aloud.) Especially the most holy, undefiled,
excellently laudable, glorious Lady, the Mother of
God and Ever-Virgin Mary.

Choir. In Thee, O full of grace, (as in the Liturgxf
of S, James.) —yS ^^^^^ J'^y' —

The Deacon I'cads the diptychs of the departed.

Priest. The holy John the Propliet, Forerunner,
and Baptist, the holy, glorious, and all celebrated
Apostles, Saint N. (the Saint of the day), Avhose
memory we also celebrate, and all Thy Saints, through
whose prayers look down upon us, O God. And >
remember all those that are departed in the hope of '
the resurrection to eternal life, and give them rest
where the light of Thy countenance shines upon them.
Furthermore we beseech Thee, remember, O Lokd,
every orthodox bishoprick of those that rightly divide
the word of truth, the presbytery, the diaconate in
Christ, and for every hierarchical order. Further-
more we offer to Thee this reasonable service for the
whole world : for tlm Holy Catholic and Apostolic
Church, and for them that live in chastity and holiness
of life. For our most faithful kings, beloved of
Christ, all their court and armv. Grant to them,

118

Lord, a peaceful reign, that we, in their peace, may-
lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and
honesty. (Aloitd.) Chiefly, O Lord, remember our
Archbishop N., whom preserve to Thy holy Churches
in peace, in safety, in honour, in health, in length of
days, and rightly dividing the word of Thy truth.

The Deacon, hy the holy doors, saith,

N. the Patriarch, Metropolitan, or Bishop, (as the
case may be.)

Then he commemorates the diptychs of the liviiig.

Priest, {secretly.) Remember, Lord, the city in
which we dwell, and every city and region, and' the
faithful that inhabit it. Remember, Lord, them that
voyage, that travel, that are sick, that are labouring,
that are in prison, and their safety. Remember, Lord,
them that bear fruit, and do good deeds in Thy holy
Churches, and that remember the poor. And send
forth on us all the riches of Thy compassion, {aloud,)
and grant us with one mouth and one heart to glorify
and celebrate Thy glorious and majestic Name,FATHER,
Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of
ages. And the mercies of the great God and our
Saviour Jesus Christ shall be with all of us.

The Deacon tahing his time from the Priest, and
standi?ig in the accustomed place, saith.

Commemorating all Saints, again and again in
peace let us make our supplications to the Lord.

Choir. Kyrie eleison. {And so at the end of each
petition.)

Deacon. For the venerable gifts now offered before
Him and hallowed.

That our merciful God, the Lover of mankind, Who

119

hath received them into His holy and heavenly and
spiritual Altar, for the savour of a sweet spiritual
scent, may in return send down on us His Divine
grace, and the gift of the Holy Ghost.

That we may be preserved from all affliction, pas-
sion, &C. /tfi^^ »^. /// „

The Beacon continues the Ectene domn to Christian
ends of life.

The Priest meanwhile saith secretly,

To Thee, O Lord and Lover of men, we commend
in pledge all our life and our hope, and beseech and
pray, and supplicate : make us worthy to partake of
Thy heavenly and terrible mysteries of this holy and
spiritual Table, with a pure conscience, for the remis-
sion of siris7Torgiveness of transgressions, participation
of the Holy Ghost, inheritance of the kingdom of
heaven, boldness of access to Thee : not to judgment
nor to condemnation.

Deacon. Having prayed for the oneness of the
faith, and the participation of the Holy Ghost, let us
commend ourselves and each other and all our life to
Christ our God.

Priest, {aloud.) And make us worthy, O Lord,
with boldness and without condemnation to dare to
call upon Thee, our God and Father which art in
heaven, and to say,

People. Our Father.

Priest. For Thine is the kingdom.

Priest. Peace to all.

Deacon. Let us bow our heads to the Lord.

Priest. We render thanks unto Thee, O King
invisible. Who hast framed all things by Thy measure-
less power, and in the multitude of Thy mercy hast

120

brought all things into being from non-existence.
Look down, O Lord, from heaven, upon them that
have bowed their heads unto Thee, for they bowled
them not to flesh and blood, but to Thee, the fearful
God. Bestow, therefore, O Lord, on all of us an
equal benefit from these offerings, according to the
need of each : sail with them that sail, journey with
them that journey, heal the sick, Thou Who art the
Physician of our souls and bodies.

(Aloud.) Through the grace, and mercy, and love
to men, of Thine Only-Begotten Son, with Whom,
together with the most Holy, and good, and life-giving
Spirit, Thou art blessed, now and ever, and to ages
of ages. Amen.

Hear us, O Lord Jesus Christ our God out of
Thy holy dwelling-place, and from the throne of the
glory of Thy kingdom, and come and sanctify us,
Thou That sittest above M-ith the Father, and art
here invisibly present with us : and by Thy mighty
hand make us worthy to partake of Thy spotless Body
and precious Blood, and by us all Thy people.

The Priest and the Deacons adore in the place where
they stand, saying secretly thrice,

God be merciful to me a sinner.

And wlien the Deacon sees the Priest stretching
forth his hands, and touching the holy bread, to make
the holy elevation, he exclaims.

Let us attend.

A?id the Priest, elevating the holy bread, exclaims,

Holy things for holy persons.
Choir. One Holy, one Lord, Jesus Christ, to the
glory of God the Father.

121

And the Choir sing the Koinonicon : (-*^) e.g. on the
festivals of Apostles.

Their sound is gone out into all lands : and theii:
■words into the ends of the world.

The Deacon then girds his Horarion crosswise, and
goes into the holy Bema, and standing on the right
hand, {the Priest grasping the Jioly bread,) saith,

Sir, break the holy bread.

And the Priest, dividing it into four parts with care
and reverence, saith,

The Lamb of God is broken and distributed ; He I
That is broken and not divided in sunder ; ever eaten
and never consumed, but sanctifying the communi-j
cants.

And the Deacon pointing with his .Horarion to the
holy cup, saith,

Sir, fill the holy cup.

And the Priest tahing the upper portion, (that is,
tlie IHC,) mahes with it a cross above the holy cup,
saying, The fulness of the cup, of faith, of the Holy
Ghost : and thus puts it into the holy cup.

Deacon. Amen.
And tahing the warm water, he saith to the Priest,

Sir, bless the warm water. ("^)

(20) This is a stichos, deriving its name, of course, from the
Communion which it precedes ; and is eciuivalent, though not
exactly answering in place, to tlio Mozarabic Communion.

(■-') This very strange rite, the pouring warm water into the
chalice after consecration, occasioned the greatest astonishment
among the Latins at the Council of Tlorence. Dorotheus, liishop
of Mitylene, is said to have given the Pope ample satisfaction by
his explanation, which, however, is unfurtimately lost. But S.

122

And the Priest hlesseth, saying,

Blessed is the fervour of Thy Saints, always, now
and ever, and to ages of ages. Araen.

And the Deacon pours forth a sufficiency into the holy
cup, in the form of a cross, saying,

The fervour of faith, full of the Holy Ghost.
Amen. (Thrice.)

Then, setting doivn the warm water, lie stands a
little way off'. And the Priest, taking a particle of
the holy bread, saith,

(") The blessed and most holy Body of our Lord
and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, is communi-
cated to me, N., Priest, for the remission of my sins,
and for everlasting life.

I believe, Lord, and confess.

Of Thy Mystic Supper to-day.

Let not, O Lord, the communion of Thy holy
mysteries be to my judgment or condemnation, but to
the healing of my soul and body.

And thus he pariahes of that wliich is in his hands
with fear and all caution. Then he saith,

Deacon, approach.

And the Iteacon approaches, and reverently makes
an obeisance, ashing forgiveness. And the Priest,

Germanus tells us : "As Blood and warm Water flowed both of
them from the side of Christ, thus hot water, poured into the
chalice at the time of consecration, gives a full type of the
mystery, to ihose who draw that holy liquid from the chalice, as
from the life-giving side of our Lord."

(22) The MSS. and printed editions vary excessively in the
whole Communion both of the Priest and the people : so that it
would be hard to find two copies exactly alike.

123

taking the hohj bread, gives it to the Deacon ; and the
Deacon, kissing the hand that gives it, saith,

Sir, make me partaker of the precious and holy
Body of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus
Christ.

Priest. N. the holy Deacon is made partaker of the
precious and holy and spotless Body of our Lord and
God and Savioi-r Jesus Christ, for the remission
of his sins, and for eternal life.

And the Deacon going behind the holi/ Table, borveth
his head a?id prageth, and so doth the Priest.
Then the Priest standing up, takes the holy chalice
with its covering in both hands, and drinks three times,
sai/ing, I, N., Priest, partake of the pure and holy
Blood of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus
Christ, for the remission of my sins, and for eternal
life.

And then he wipes the holy cup and his own lips
with the covering lie has in his hands, and saith,

Behold, this hath touched my lips, and shall take
away my transgressions, and purge my sins.

Then he calls the Deacon, saying. Deacon, approach.

The Deacon comes, and adores once, saying.

Behold, I approach the Immortal King,

I believe, Lord, and confess.

Priest. N. the Deacon and servant of God is made
partaker of the precious and holy Blood of our Lord
and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, for the remis-
sion of sins, and for eternal life.

And when the Deacon hath communicated, the Priest

saith,
Behold, this hath touched thy lips.

124

Then ihe Deacon, taking the hoh/ dish, and holding
it over the holy chalice, wipes it ihorovghhj iviih the
hob/ sponge ; and witli care and reverence covers it
with the veil. In lilic manner lie covers the disk with
the asterisk, and that with its veil.

The Priest saith the prayer of Thanksgiving.

We yield Thee thanks, O Lord and Lover of men,
Benefactor of our souls, tliat Thou hast this day
thought us worthy of Thy heavenly and immortal
mysteries. Rightly divide our path, confirm us all in
Thy fear, guard our life, make safe our goings: through
the prayers and supplications of the glorious Mother
of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, and all Thy Saints.

(-3) And thus they open the doors of the holy Bema;
and the Deacon, having made one adoration, takes the
chalice with reverence, and goes to the door, and raising
the holy chalice, sheas it to the people, saying. Ap-
proach "vvith the fear of God, faith and love.

They who are to communicate draw near with all
revere7ice, and hold their arms crossed on their breast;
and the Priest, as he distributes the mysteries to each,
saith,

N. the servant of God is made partaker of the pure

("')'From the Communion to the end of the office, all the
Liturgies, except that of S. Chrysostom and the Armenian, where
we have the rubrics in full, become almost inextricably confused;
but most of all that of S. James. Three different stages have,
however, to be distinguished : 1. The return of the Priest to the
Altar; "2. His going thence to the prothesis, which in some of the
Liturgies precedes, in others follows, the dismissal ; 3. His return
to the Altar, the gift of the antidoron, and the disrobing, which
in the Const antinopolitan family is done before the dismissal : to
which S. James adds, 4. The prayer said as he finally goes to the
sacristy.

125

and holy Body and Blood of our JiORD and God and
Saviour Jesus Christ, for the remission of his sins,
and life everlasting.

Then the Priest blessetk the people, saying aloudj
O God, save Thy people, and bless Thine heritage.

The Deacon and the Priest retvrn to the hohj Table,
and the Priest censeth thrice : sayintj secretly,

Be Thou exalted, Lord, above the heavens : and
Thy glory above all the earth.

Then, taking the holy disk, he puts it upon the head
of the Deacon, and the Deacon taking it n-ith reverence,
and looking out towards the door, goes in sile?ice to the
proihssis, and puts it down : and the Priest having
made obeisance, takes the holy chalice, and turns
towards the doors, saying secretly.

Blessed be our God : {theyi cdoud,') always, now
and ever, and to ages of ages.

Aiul the Deacon having come out, and standing in the
the accustomed place, saith.

Standing upright, and having partaken of the divine,
holy, spotless, immortal, heavenly, life-giving, and
terrible mysteries of Christ, let us worthily give
thanks to the Lord.

Assist, preserve.

That we may pass this whole day.

Exclamation. For Thou art our sanctification, and
to Thee we ascribe glory. Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Choir. Amen.

Priest. Let us go on in peace.

Deacon. Let us make our supplications to the Lord.

126

Prayer behind the amhon,{"'^^ said aloud hy the Priest
without the hema.

Loud, Who blessest them that bless Thee, and
sanctifiest them that put then- trust in Thee, save Thy
people, and bless Thine inheritance : guard with care
the fulness of Thv Church : hallow those that love the
beauty of Thine house. Glorify them in return by
Thy divine might, and forsake not them that put their
trust in Thee ; give Thy peace to Thy world, to Thy
Churches, to our Priests and Kings : to the army,
and to all Thy people ; because every good gift and
every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down
from Thee, the Father of lights : and to Thee we
ascribe.

This being ended, the Priest goes through the holy
doors, and departs into the prothesis, and saith this
Prayer.

Thou, O Christ our God, Who art Thyself the
fulness of the Law and of the Prophets, Who didst
accomplish all the disjiensation of Thy Father, fill our
hearts with joy and gladness ahvays, now and ever,
and to ages of ages. Amen.

.Deacon. Let us make our supplication to the Lord.

Priest. The blessing of the Lord upon you. Then,
Glory to Thee, our God : Glory to Thee.

People, Glory. Both now.

Then the Deacon, also going through the north part,
gathers together the Holy Things, with fear and all
safety : ,so that not the very smallest particle should
fall out, or be left : and he washes his hands in the
accustomed place. And the Priest goes forth, and gives

(^) This means behind the ambon as respects the bema : that
is, before it as regards the people.

127

the antidoron (-5) to the people. Then he goes into
the holt/ bema, and puts ojf his priestl// vestments, say-
ing Nunc dimittis, the Trisagion, and the other things.
Then he saith the dimissory prayer of S. Chrysostom.

The grace of Thy lips, shining forth like a torch,
illuminated the -world, enriched the universe with the
treasures of liberality, and manifested to us the height
of humility : but do thou, our instructor by thy words,
Father John Chrysostom, intercede to the Word,
Christ our God, that our souls may be saved.

Kyrie eleison, (twelve times.)

Glory. Both now.

Thee, the more honourable than the Cherubim.

And he viahes the disniis,-<ion : and having adored,
and given thanks to Godjorall tilings, {^-'^) he departs.

(-3) The Antidoroa is the bread which has been offered for tlie
service of the Altar, but which has uut been required for conse-
cration : it in some respects resembles tlie y;ai?i hini of most of
the Frcncli rites. It is not so very unusual a thing in Russia
that those monks who practise the most regular asceticism, should
take no other food during Lent, except the Antidoron.

(-'') This expression is taken from the favourite exclamation of
S. John Chrysostom — the last words which he spoke — " Glory
be to God for all things.''

gltd 3iim'^\i of ||laliilrai[.

The Priest advances with the Deacon to the Altar.

Priest. Glory to God in the highest.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest. Glory to God in the highest.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest and Deacon. And on earth peace, and a
good hope to men. Our Father, Which art in hea-
ven, hallowed be Thy Name : Holy, Holy, Holy :
Our Father, Which art in heaven, heaven and earth
are full of the majesty of Thy glory, and Angels and
men exclaim to Thee, Holy, Holy, Holy. Our
Father, Which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy
Name : Thy kingdom come : Thy will be done in
earth as it is in heaven : Give us this day the bread of
our necessity : And forgive us our sins, as w^e also
forgive our debtors : And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil : for Thine is the kingdom,
and the power and the glory, for ever and ever.
Amen.

Priest. Strengthen, O Lord God, our infirmity
by Thy mercy, that we may minister in Thy holy
Sacraments, given for the salvation and renewal of
our nature, through the love of Thy most dearly
beloved Son, O Lord of all things. Father, Son
and Holy Ghost.

Deacon. Amen.

129

Priest. Adored and glorified, honoured and exalted,
lauded and blessed in heaven and in earth, be the glori-
ous Name of Thy most resplendent Trinity, at all
times, O Lord of all things, Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost.

Deacon. Amen.

The Priest and Deacon say alternateli/, Psalm 15,
150, and 117.

Priest. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son,
and to the Holy Ghost, from ages to ages. Amen
and Amen,

Deacon. Set me, O Lord, with pure thoughts before
Thy altar.

Priest. Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle,
and who shall rest upon Thy holy hill ? How glori-
ous and lovely is Thy sanctuary, God, the Sanctifier
of all things !

Deacon. Peace be with us.

Priest. Before the exceeding glorious throne of Thy
Majesty, my Lord, and the lofty and supreme seat of
Thy domination, and the Altar of expiation, which
Thy will hath fixed in the place of the habitation of
Thy glory, we Thy people, and the sheep of Thy
pasture, with the thousands of Seraphin that praise
Thee, and the ten thousands of Angels and Archangels
that minister to Thee, bend our knees before Thee,
and ever adore and glorify Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, to ages of ages.

To the Name of Thy ever-glorious Trinity, great,
formidable, holy, laudable and incomprehensible; also
to Thy mercy which Thou hast manifested towards our
race, we are bound to return continual thanks, and to
attribute laud and adoration : O Lord of all tilings.
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

M. Ainen.

130

Priest. Thee, the Lord of all things, we praise :
Thee, Jesus Christ, we glorify ; because Thou art the
raiser up of our bodies, and the most holy Saviour of
our souls : I have washed my hands in innocency, O
LoHD, and liave surrounded Thine Altar.

Deacon. Thee, the Lord of all things. {As the
Priest, who then repeats it again.)

Deacon. Peace be with us all.

Priest. Thou art truly my Lord, and the raiser up
of our bodies, and the good Saviour of our souls, and
the constant Keeper of our life : and it is meet that we
should laud and glorify Thee at all times, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest. Lord, our God, when the most sweet odour
of Thy goodness and love shall breathe upon us, and
when our souls shall have been enlightened with the
splendour of Thy truth, then we shall meet Thy most
beloved Son Who shall be revealed from heaven, and
in Thy Church, already honoured with the crown,
>shall praise Thee incessantly, for Thou art the Lord
and Creator of all things, Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost.

Deacon. Amen. Bring your voices, and praise, O
ail ye people, the Living God.

Priest. Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and
Immortal, have mercy upon us. Glory be to the
Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.

Deacon. Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and
Immortal, have mercy upon us.

Priest. From everlasting- to everlasting. Amen
and Amen.

Deacon. Holy God, &c.

Priest, taming to the i)eo2Jle. Let us all stand in
order, and with joy and gladness let .us seek and say,

131

Peoijle. O our Lord, liave mercy upon us. (^And
so at the end of every petition, (i)

Deacon. Father of Mercies and God of all Con-
solation, we beseech Thee.

Onr Saviour, the Dispenser of our salvation, and
the Captain of all things, we, &c.

For the peace and unity and well-being of the
whole world, and of all Churches:

For the healthfulness of the air, the richness of the
year and its provisions, and the beauty of the whole
world :

For our holy Fathers, our Patriarch, the universal
Pastor of the whole Catholic Church ; and our Bishop,
that they may enjoy good health :

The merciful God Who governeth all thing's by
His love :

Him That is rich in mercy and Whose loving-kind-
ness is shed abroad :

Him That is good in His Essence, and the Giver of
all gifts :

Him That is glorious in heaven, and exceeding
laudable upon earth :

The Immortal Nature That inhabits that most
glorious light, we beseech :

Save us all, OChhist, our Lord and God, by Thy
grace, and multij)ly in us peace and love, and have
mercy upon us.

Let us pray and beseech the Lord, the God of all,
that He may hear the voice of our prayers, and listen
to our supplications, and have mercy upon us.

Let us pray also for the holy Catholic Church,
vvhich is spread over the whole orb of the world, that

Q) This manifestly answers to the first Ectene in the preceding
Liturgies, although the form differs considerably.

132

the peace which is from God may remain in it till
the consummation of all things :

Let us pray also for the holy Fathers, our Bishops,
that without blemish and complaint they may remain
all the days of their life in the government of their
Churches ; hut chiefly we are bound to pray for the
!:afety of the Lord Patriarcli, the Pastor of the Avhole
Ciiurch, and the Lord Bishop of this Metropolis : let
us pray that the Lord may keep them and preserve
them at the head of their flocks, that tliey may feed
and govern and prepare for the Lord a perfect people,
zealous of all good works.

Let us pray also for the Presbyters and Deacons
who are occupied in the ministry of the truth ; that
with a good heart and a pure conscience they may
accomplish their ministry before God.

Let us pray also for every holy and sober congre-
gation of the sons of the holy Catholic Church, that
they may accomplish the most excellent course of
sanctity, and may receive the hope and promise of
the Lord in the Land of the Living.

Let us commemorate the most Blessed Virgin Mary,
the Mother (•) of Christ and our Saviour.

Let us pray that the Holy Ghost, Who dwelt in
her, may sanctify us by His grace, and accomplish
His will in us, and sign His truth in us, all the days
of our life.

Let us venerate the memory of Prophets, Apostles,
Martyrs, and Confessors : let us pray that by their
prayers and the passions which the}^ endured, God

(-) Jiro<7;er 0/ Christ. Notice here the Nestorian lieresy —
Mother of Christ, instead of Mother of God. This is one of
the few expressions ■which was rightly altered at the Synod of
Diamper.

133

ir.ay give to us with tliem a good hope and salva-
tion ; and that we may be made worthy of their
blessed commemoration, and their living and true
promises in the kingdom of heaven. Let us com-
memorate also our fathers and the doctors of truth,
S.Nestorius, (3) S. Diodorus, S.Theodore, S. Ephraim,
S. Abraham, S. Narcissus, and all Doctors and Pres-
byters, followers after truth. Let us pray that by their
prayers, the pure truth and the sincere doctrine which
they taught may be preserved in the holy Church till
the consummation of the world.

Let us remember also our fothers and our brethren \
who have departed out of this world in the orthodox. ■
I'aith ; let us pray, I say, to the Lord that He may
absolve them, and may forgive them their offences,
and may vouchsafe that they, with all just and right-
eous men who have obeyed the Divine yAU, may \
rejoice for ever and ever.

Also for this province and city, and for them that
dwell therein, especially for this congregation : let us
pray that the Lord by His grace may turn away from
us sword, captivity, rapine, earthquake, famine, pesti-
lence, and other things which are injurious to the soul
and the body.

For those also that have departed from the true
faith, and are held in captivity by the net of Satan :
let us pray that the Lord God may convert their
hearts, and that they may verily acknowledge Goi>
the true Father, and His Son, Jesus Christ, our
Lord.

Let us pray also for the sick : and especially for
them who are vexed with cruel diseases, and are tried
by most evil spirits : we pray that the Lord our God

(') The arcb-hcretic.

134

may send to tliem His holy Angel of love and salva-
tion, and may visit and heal and help them, through
the greatness of His grace and mercy.

Also for the poor, orphans, widows, and afflicted ;
and them that suffer persecution : let us pray that the
Lord may govern them by His grace, and nourish
and console them by His pity, and by His loving-
kindness set them free from them that do violence to
them.

Pray and beseech the love of the God of all, that
Ave may be to Him a kingdom, a priesthood, and a
holy people. Cry to the Lord, the Mighty God, with
all your heart, and with all your soul, for God is a
tender Father, and merciful and clement, andwilleth
not that His handywork should perish, but rather
should be converted and live. But above all tilings
it is fit and meet that we should pray to, laud and
adore, glory and honour, and exalt the One God, the
Father, the Lord of all, most worthy of adoration,
Who by Christ hath made to us a good hope and
salvation for our souls, that He may accomplish His
ofrace and love in us even to the end.

While the Deacon saith these things, the Priest,
standing in the middle of the Altai^, taheth the Paten;
and the Deacon giving incense, and holding the
Thurible with both hands, he censeth it in the form of
a Cross, saying,

Lord, our God, cause this paten to have a sweet-
smelling savour, after the pattern of Aaron, the most
illusti'ious Priest in the tabernacle of testimony. Thou
That art the Creator and the Lord of the roots and
spices that breathe a sweet odour, in the Name of the
Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.
Amen.

135

Then he coueth the Veil of tlic Chalice, and saith :

LoKD, our God, cause this veil to have a sweet
savour, after tlie fashion of the mantle wherewith
Elias, the prophet of truth, clotlied. himself; in the
Name.

Then he censetJi the Chalice, and saith :

Lord, our God, cause this chalice to send forth a
sweet smell, after the fashion ofAarou the Priest in
the tabernacle of witness. Thou Who art the Creator
of roots and spices that breathe forth a sweet odour,
in the Name.

Tlien he poureth wine into the Chalice, and saith :

Let the precious Blood of our Loud Jesus Christ
be miiigled in the chalice. ('')

He 2^oureth\in water, and saith :

One of the soldiers came, and with a spear piei'ced
the side of our Lord Jesus Christ, and forthwith
came thereout Blood and Water, and he that saw it
bare record, and his record is true.

Again pouriiig in wine, he saith :

Let water be mingled with wine and wine with
water, in the Name of he Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Ghost. {^) Then he saith : Expect-
ing I expected the Lord, the Body of Christ, and

(*) This anticipative calling that which is simple wine, " the
Blood of Christ," is on a par with the anticipative adoration of
the Holy Mysteries at the Great Entrance, common through all
the Eastern Church.

(5) PI ere follows, in the modern edition, a long rubric, of the
insertion of which no notice is given, but which is evidently taken
roni the Eoinan Missal.

136

His precious Blood on tlie holy Altar. Let us all
offer it with fear and honour, and with the Angels let
tis exclaim, Holy, Holy, Holy, is our Lord God.

Deacon. The poor shall eat and he satisfied of the
Body of Christ and His precious Blood upon the
holy Altar : let us all offer it with fear and honour,
and with Angels let us exclaim, Holy, Holy, Holy,
is our Lord God.

Let us pray. Peace be with us.

Priest, {secretly.) Let glory be offered and immo-
lated to Thy ever-glorious Trinity, for ages of ages :
and may Christ Who was offered as an oblation for
our salvation, and has commanded us that we should
sacrifice in memory of His Passion, Death, Sepulture,
and Resurrection, receive this sacrifice from our
hands, through His grace and His love, for ever and
ever.

He puts the Holy Gifts on the Altar.

Let these exceeding glorious, holy, and life-giving
mysteries be constituted and ordained upon the holy
Altar of Christ, until the glorious Advent from hea-
ven of the Same, to Whom is laud, glory, and adora-
tion now and at all times, and to ages of ages.

{Aloud.) Glory be to the Father, and to the Son,
and to the Holy Ghost. Be there a commemoration
upon the holy Altar of the Virgin Mary, the Mother
of Christ.

Deacon. From everlasting to everlasting. Amen
and Amen. Apostles of the very Son, friends of the
Only- Begotten, pray ye that there may be peace in
the creation.

Priest. Let all the people say Amen and Amen.
Be Thy commemoration. Apostle Thomas, our holy
father, upon the hoiy Altar, together with the just who

137

have conquered, and the martyrs who have received
the crown.

Deacon. The Mip:hty God is with us, our Father
is with us, our Angel and our Helper, the God of
Jacob.

Priest. Little ones, with the elders, behold all the
faithful have fallen on sleep in a good hope, who have
paid the debt of humanity. By Thy exceeding glori-
ous resurrection. Thou shalt raise them up to Thy

Deacon. Pour forth before him your hearts in
prayer, fasting and penitence. They have made pro-
pitiation to Christ, the Fatheu, and His Spirit.

The Priest saith, while he covereth the Oblations,

Thou coverest Thyself with light as with a garment,
and stretchest out the heavens like a curtain, now and
ever, and to ages of ages.

While the Priest masheth his hands the Deacon saith:

By the prayer and supplication of the Angels of
peace and of love we ask,

People. From Thee, O Lord.

Deacon. Night and day, and all the days of our
life, we ask for eternal peace to Thy Church, and a
life without sins.

People. From Thee, O Lord.

Beacon. Remission of sins, and that which may be
profitable to our life, and may appease His Divinity,
we ask,

{^) If we compare these vcrsicles and responses with the " God
is with us," in the Groat Apodeipnou of the Constantiuopolitan
rite, (which we know to be, at the very latest, of the beginning of
the fourth century,) we may conclude them in like manner to be of
the most remote antiquity.

138

People. From Thee, O Lord.

Deacon. The mercies of the Lord, and His be-
nignity, ever and at all times we ask,

People. From Thee, O Lord.

Deacon. Ourselves and our souls let ns commend
to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.

People. To Thee, 0 Lord God.

Priest. We pray and beseech Thee, Lord God, the
Mighty, perfect in us Thy grace, and by our hands
pour forth Thy gifts and love, and the tender mercy
of Thy Divinity ; and let them be to the propitiation
of the debts of Thy people, and to the remission of all
the sins of the sheep of Thy pasture, which, by grace
and Thy love, Thou hast chosen to Thyself: of all, 0
Lord, Father, Sox, and Roly Ghost.

Deacon. Amen. Bow dovv'n your heads for the
imposition of hands and receive the blessing.

Priest (secretly). Lord, Mighty God, Thine is the
holy Catliolic Church, purchased by the wonderful
passion of Thy Christ: on the sheep of Thy flock,
by the grace of the Holy Ghost, Who is equal to
Thee in most glorious Deity, the orders of true priest-
hood are conferred. Thou, my Lord, by Thy
clemency, hast vouchsafed to the exiguity of the
nature of our misery, that we men should become
glorious members of that mighty body which is the
Catholic Church, and by Thy ministry may confer on
believing souls, spiritual helps. Do Thou therefore,
my Lord, accomplish in us Thy grace, and pour forth
by our hands. Thy gifts: let also Thy love be upon
us, and the piety of Thy Deity upon this people v.liich
Thou hast chosen to Thyself. (Aloud.) Grant also,
my Lord, through Thy mercy, that we all, in all the
days of our life, may equally please Thy Deity by the
best v.'orks of righteousness, which render us accept-

139

able to the glorious will of Thy Majesty ; and that in
this manner we may be made worthy of the assistance
of Thy grace, that we may ever offer to Thee, hymns,
honour, laud, and adoration, Lord of all, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost.

[Expulsion of the Catechumens.]

Deacon, Amen. He that hath not received baptism
let him depart.

Choir. Amen.

Deacon. He that hath not received the seal of life,
let him depart.

Choir. Amen.

Deacon, He that hath not received it, let him
depart.

Priest. Go, auditors, (") and see the doors. Let us
pray : peace be wdth us. Illuminate, O Lord our
God, the motions of our tlioughts, that we may listen
to and understand the most sweet voice of Thy pre-
cepts, life-conferring and divine. Grant to us also by
Thy grace and Thy loves, tliat from them we may
gather advantage, that is to say, love, hope, and sal-
vation, as may be expedient to soul and to body,
and that we may ever sing praise to Thee, without
cessation, at all times. Lord of all things. Father,
So.v, and Holy Ghost.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest. Thee, the most wise Governor and marvel-
lous preserver of Thy servants, and great treasury
whence every good thing and all help proceedeth
from Thy mercy : we beseech Thee, turn Thee, O my
Lord, and be propitious to us, and have mercy upon

("} He is addressing of course that class of Catechumens who
are called Auditors or Audicntes.

140

lis always, as Thou art accustomed, Lokd of all,
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Deacon. Keep silence. Paul the Apostle : the
Epistle to the my brethren : bless, my Lord.

Priest. Christ bless thee. (^)

[The Ejiistle is read-l

Choir. Glory to Christ the Lord.

Priest, (9) before the middle of the Altar, hawing :
Thee, the splendour of the glory of the Father Him-
self, and the Image of the Substance of Him That
begat Thee, Who didst appear in the body of our
humanity, and didst illuminate our soul by the light
of Thy life-giving Gospel, Thee, I say, we laud- and
adore and glorify at all times. Lord of all, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost.

Make me wise, O Lord, with Thy holy wisdom.,
and grant to me that, without intermission and without
spot, I may minister to Thee by the keeping of Thy
Commandments, life-conferring and divine, Lord of
all, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Deacon. There is silence. Be silent.

Priest. Peace be with us.

Choir. With thee and with thy spirit.

Deacon. The holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus
Christ, the preaching of

Choir. Glory to Christ the Lord.

Deacon. Bless, my Lord.

Priest. Christ bless thee.

(8) The respective speeches of the Priest and Deacon are curi-
ously countercharged in the printed copies. The actual Liturgy
giveu is that for a departed Priest ; the Ej)istle is the ii. Cor.
V. 1—12; the Gospel, ii. John vi. 24—35.

(o) Here again I follow Le Erun : Raulin gives this prayer to
the Deacon.

141

[The Gospel is read.']
Choir. Glory to Christ the Lord.

TJie Nkene Creed is recited as at page 12.

Deacon. Let us pray. Peace bo with us. Pray,
bearing in memory our fathers, the Catholics, (^°) and
all Presbyters and Deacons, youths and virgins, and jf
all the faithful who have departed from the living and |
are dead in the true faith. And all our fathers and
brethren, and sons and daughters : also faithful kings
beloved of Christ, and all Prophets, Apostles and
Martyrs : let us pray, I say, that, in the resurrection .
from the dead, they may be rewarded by God with \
the crown, with a good hope, and the inheritance of
the life of the kingdom of heaven : furthermore, that
this oblation may be confidently received, that by the
(") Word of God and the Holy Ghost it may be con-
secrated, that it may be to us for help and salvation
and eternal life in the kingdom of heaven, through the
grace of Christ.

In the meanwhile the Priest saith seci'etly : Glory
be to Thee, Finder of them, that have perished :
glory be to Thee, Collector of them that are dispersed,
and Bringer-back of them that are afar off": glory to
Thee Who convertest the wanderers to the knowledge
of the truth. Glory to Thee, my Lord, Who hast

(1") Tho original petition referred of course to the Catholic of
Babylon or Mosul, the spiritual head of tho Church of Malabar.
But it was hift by the Roman Censors, as it stood, they intending-
to receive it in the sense of" our Catholic Fatliers.''

(11) The reference is to 1 Thnothy iv. 5, as alluding to tho
Words of Institution, and prayer for the Descent of the Hor.v
Ghost, as botli necessary, according to tlie teaching of the
Eastern Church, to a valid Eucharist.

142

called Avretched me by Thy mercy and grace to ap-
proach to Thee, and hast made me, as it were, an
illustrious member in the mighty body of the Holy
Church, that I may offer lo Thee this one, holy, and
' acceptable Sacrifice, which is the memorial of the
Passion and Death, Sepulture and Resurrection of our
Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, through Whom it
pleased Thee to forgive the sins of all men.

The Priest censeth those ivlio are on the right of the
Altar, and saith to them :

Bless, my lords, and pray for me, my fathei-s, and
my brethren, and my masters, that this oblation may
be consecrated by my hands.

They rejjly with the Deacon :

May Christ hear thy prayers and receive thy
oblation, and cause thy priesthood to shine befoi'e
\ Him ; and may He be well-pleased with this sacrifice
wJiich thou off'erest for thyself, for us, and for all the
world, from the least to the greatest, through Thy
grace and love for ever and ever. Amen.

The Priest adores, howing before the Altar.

Yea, O Lord our God, look not upon the multi-
tude, nor let Thy domination be angry at the weight,
of my sins; but by Thy ineffable grace consecrate
J this great sacrifice, and bestow it in virtue and power,
that it may abolish our many sins : and when at the
latter day Thou appearest in the human body which
Thou didst assume of our race, we may find before
Thee grace and love, and may be made worthy to
praise Thee with the multitude of angels.

143

Mising, he saith :

We confess and praise, Lord our God, the riches
of Thy grace shed abroad over us ; for when we were
sinners and weak, Tliou nevertheless, through the mul-
titude of Thy mercy, didst make us worthy of the
dispensation of the holy sacrament of the Body and
Blood of Christ : Ave beseech therefore Thy help, the
Stiength of our souls, that with perfect love and true
faith, Ave may administer Thy gift Avhich we have, and
may offer to Thee hjmns, honour, laud and adoration,
now and for ever.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with all.

Deacon. V/ith thee and with thy spirit.

Priest. Give the peace to each other.

And for Patriarchs, Bishops, Presbyters and Dea-
cons, and for those who having accomplished this life,
have departed out of this congregation of the Church j '
and for the peace of the world and the crown of the
year, that it may be blessed and filled with Thy mercy :
and for all Thy servants, and for us all, that this
oi)lation be accepted for ever and ever.

Deacon, (i") Let us confess, and let us all of us
beseech the Lord Avith the voice of choral m.elody :
stand fairlv and attend to these things Avhich are done
in the tremendous mysteries Avhich are consecrated:
the Priest is praying that by his intercession peace
may be multiplied in you : cast your eyes doAvn to the
ground, and vigilantly take care to raise your mind to
heaven ; seek and petition at this time, and let no one
venture to speak j and he that prayeth, let him pray

('-) The following speech is not in the books attributed to the
Deacon, but clearly belongs to him, and is followed by a prayer
which is " said in the meanwhile " by the Priest.

144

mentally, while he remaineth in silence and fear.
Peace be with us.

In the meanwMle the Priest saith :

Lord, Mighty God, strengthen my weakness by
Th}' mercy, and make me worthy of the assistance of
Thy grace, that I may offer to Thee an oblation for
the benefit of all men, and to the praise of Thy
exceeding glorious Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, for ever.

He nnveils the mysteries and blesses incense, and puts
it in the censer, and saith :

[beginning the Anaphora.]

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love
of God the Father, and the communication of the
Holy Ghost, be with us all, now and for ever.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest. Lift up your hearts.

Choir. To Thee, God of Abraham, Isaac, and
Israel, the exceeding glorious King. (J^^)

(12) This sentence is precisely the same as that iu the Liturgy
of the Apostles, which is the Nestorian norm. In the Liturgies
of Jfestorius and Theodore the Interpreter, themselves apparently
of the fifth century, it is very much amplified, as thus in the
former :

Priest. Up in the sublime heights, in the fearful and glorious
region, where the Cherubin cease not to agitate their wings, and
there is no end to the hymns and the sweet sounds of the sancti-
fication of the Seraphin, there be your minds.

CJioir. They are lifted up to Thee, God of Abraham, Isaac, and
Israel, King of Glory.

Hence I gather the extreme antiquity of the Malabar Anaphora,
clearly a much eai-lier form.

145

Priest. The oblation is offered to tlie Lord, the
God of all.

Choir. It is meet and right. Peace be with us.

Priest. Loud, Mighty God, give us boldness before
Thee, that we may confidently perform this quickening
and holy ministry with consciences pure, and free from
all malice, simulation, and guilt, and bitterness, and sow
in us, my Lord, charity and mutual unity of soul ;
and guard Thy holy Catholic Church here and every-
where, from everything noxious, from all fault and
perturbation, by Thy grace and love for ever.

Choir. Bless, my Lord.

Priest. By the mouth of all be it glorified, by the
tongue of all be it praised, by all creatures be it wor-
shipped and exalted, the adorable and exceeding glori-
ous Name of the most illustrious Trinity, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost, Who created the world and
all that dwell therein by His goodness, and hath saved
the sons of men by His loving-kindness, and hath
shown great mercy to mortals. Thy Majesty, my
Lord, is adored and venerated by thousand thousands
of heavenly beings, and ten thousand times ten
thousand of holy Angels; and the hosts of the Spirits
of fire glorify Thy Name. And with holy Cherubin
and Seraphin, they offer adoration to Tliy greatness,
they cry, they glorify without intermission, and say
one to another :

Choir. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord, mighty God :
heaven and earth are full of His songs : Hosanna in
the highest : Hosanna to the Son of David : blessed
is He That cometh and shall come in the Name of the
Lord : LTosanna in the highest.

Priest. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord, mighty God: [1.]
full are the heavens and the earth of His songs, and
of the essence of His substance, and the splendour of

146

His exceeding glorious beauty, so tliat Do I not;

fill heaven and earth, saith the Lout) ? Holy art
Thou, God, the Father of Truth, from Whom all
paternity in heaven and in earth is named : holy also
is Thine Only-Begotten Son, our Lord Jesus Christ,
by Whom all things "vvere made : holy also is the
Spirit, the cause of all truth, by Whom all are sanc-
tified. Woe is me, woe is me ; for I am astonished ;
because I am a man of polluted lips, and T dwell in
the midst of a people of polluted lips, and mine eyes
have seen the King, the Lord of Hosts. How
terrible is this place to-day, in which face to face the
Lord is seen ! And now, O Lord, let Thy mercy be-
upon us, and purify our filth, and sanctify our lips, and
commingle the voices of our imbecility with the praises
of Seraphin and Archangels, who sing glory to Thy
love : for corporeal men Thou hast associated with
spirits. With these celestial hosts then, we also. Thy
miserable servants, weak and useless, praise Thee, my
Lord, because Thou hast shown great mercy to us,
for which we cannot return equal thanks. For Thou
didst take upon Thyself our humanity, that Thou
mightest quicken us with Thy divinity; Thou didst
exalt our humanity, and set up our fall, and forgive
our sins, and justify us by wiping out our offences,
and didst illuminate our understandings, and didst
prove, O Lord our God, our enemies to be guilty,
and because of the love of Thy grace shed abroad over
us, didst bestow the victory on the weak exiguity of
our nature. For all helps, therefore, and mercies
bestowed on us, let us offer to Thee a song, laud and
honour, and adoration, now and ever, and to ages of
ages.

Deacon. Amen. Pray in your hearts. Peace be
with us.

147

lie Jiisseth the Altar thrice, and saith : Glory to [7.]
Thy rl oiy Name, and adoration to Thy Divinity, at
all times, Lord Jesus Christ, Living Bread, giving
life. Who didst descend from heaven, and quickenest
the Avhole world, and they that eat this Bread shall
never die, and they that receive it in truth are freed
and sanctified by it, and are cleansed and live for
ever.

Our Lord Jesus Christ (^^) in the same night
wherein He was betrayed, took the holy bread into
His pure and loving hands, and lifted up His eyes to
heaven, and gave thanks to God the Father, the
Creator of all things, and blessed and brake, and gave
to His Disciples and said, — Take and eat of this bread
all of you : for this is My Body. In like manner
after He had supped, He took the Chalice into His
pure hands, and gave thanks, and blessed, and gave
to His Disciples, saying. Take and drink ye all of
this Cimlice : for as often as ve eat this Bread, and

(-■') I have ventured to make a considerable alteration in the
order of the above prayers. As we liave the Malabar Liturgy
from the Portuguese revisers, the sequence of the Collects is that
which is given by bracketted numerals in the margin. Here the
Invocation of the HoLY Ghost, contrary to the use of every other
Oriental Liturgy, preceded tlio words of Institution. This, in
itself, would be a sutficieut proof that an alteration had been made;
though very carelessly, if not malAjide, no notice is given of it.
But fortunately the Nestorian Liturgy of Theodore the Interpreter
bears a sufficient resemblance to this to show what was the original
order: I have therefore arranged the prayers according to that.
The Liturgy of All Apostles, the Nestorian norm, bears, as would
be natural, a closer resemblance still to the Malabar ; but as All
Apostles, from whatever cause, has not the words of Institution at
all, it is not so useful in showing how the Malabar was arranged.
Ilenaudot has a note on the Malabar, (Vol. II., p. 599, Edit.
Leslie,) but he maniiestly refers to a very diSercnt edition of it
Irom that which we are employuig.

148

drink this Cup, ye show forth My remembrance : for
this is the Chalice of My Blood, of the New Testa-
ment, which for you and for many shall be poured
forth for the i-emission of sins : this shall be My pledge
even to the consummation of all things.

Glory to Thee, my Lord : glory to Thee, my LoiiBt
glory to Thee, my Lord, for Thine ineffable gift.

Tlie Priest signs the Oblations, and saitli :

2.] Lord God of Hosts, hear the voice of my cry, and
listen, my Lord, and give ear to my groans and my
sighs, and receive the prayers of me, a sinner : for in
I this hour in which tlie Sacrifice is offered to Thy
Father, I beseech Thy grace to have mercy upon all
creatures ; to forgive the offenders, to bring back the
wanderers, to console the afHicted, to give peace to
the disturbed, to heal the infirm, to hear them that
are troubled in spirit, and to impart tranquillity to
them ; to accomplish the almsdeeds of them that work
righteousness, and for Thy holy Name's sake to be
propitious ever to me, a sinner, through Thy grace.
[3.] Thanks be to Thee, Lop.d God of Hosts : let this
oblation be received for the whole Catholic Church,
and for priests and princes ; for the poor also that are
oppressed in sorrow and misery, and for the faithful
/ departed, and for all them who desire the prayer of
' my weakness, and for my sins. Yea, O Lord, my
God, visit Thy people, and my unhappiness, according
to Thy love, and the multitude of Thy mercy, and
not according to my sins and iniquities : but grant
that we may be made worthy of the remission of our
sins by the Holy Body which we shall in faith receive,
through grace which is from Thee. Amen.
[4.] Prostrating himself, he continues: Thou, my LorD;,
according to Thy exceeding love, receive this best and

149

acceptable commemovation of the fathers wiio are
just and upright, and please Thee, — the remembrance
of the Body and Blood of Thy Christ, which we
shall offer to Thee upon the pure and holy altar, as
Thou hast taught us, and give peace to us and ti'an-
quillity all the days of our life. Yea, O Lord, give
us peace, that all the inhabitants of the earth may
know that Thou art God, the only Father of truth.
Thou didst send Thv most beloved Son, and He the
Lord our God came and taught us, all the holiness
and purity of Prophets and Apostles, Martyrs and
Confessors, Bishops and Doctors, Priests and Dea-
cons, and all the sons of the holy Catholic Church, who
have been sealed with holy baptism. We, therefore,
my Lord, Thy weak and unprofitable servants, who
are gathered together in Thy Name, and at this time
stand before Thee, and by holy tradition have received
a pattern from Thee, Avith exultation and joy, glorify,
exalt and venerate this memorial, and sacrifice this
Mystery, great, terrible, holy and divine, of the Passion
and Death, Sepulture and Resurrection of our Loud
and Saviour Jesus Christ.

And the Priest stretcheth forth, j)ureli/, his hands rq i
to heaven, and consecrateth the Body and JBlood of^
Christ.

Send then, my Lord, Thy Holy Spirit, and let [4
Him rest upon this oblation of Thy servants and p«-
sanctify it, that it may be to us, my Lord, for the ''""'''^-^
payment of our debts and the remission of our sins,
and the great hope of resurrection from the dead, and
a new life in the heavenly kingdom, with all v/ho have
pleased Thee. Moreover, for all Thy admirable dis-
pensation carried on towards us, we praise and glorify
Thee without ceasing in the Church, which hath been

150

redeemed by the Blood of Thy Son, and -with open
mouth and unveiled countenance, we will ofi'er unto
Thee a song and honour, laud and adoration, to Thy
living, holy and quickening Name, now and ever and
to ages of ages. Amen.

[5.] The Priest saith Psalm li. 1—13 ; ami Psalm
cxxiii. 1—3. Then : Stretch forth Thy hand, and let
Thy right hand save me, O Lord ; let Thy love
remain over me for ever, and despise not the works of
Thy hands.

[6.] Me riseth and saith : Christ, the peace of things
that are on high, and the great rest of those that are
below, stablish, O Lord, in Thy peace and rest, the
four regions of the world, but principally Thy holy
Catholic Church, and destroy wars and battles from
the ends of the earth, and disperse the people that
delight in war, and pacify by the mercy of Thy
Divinity, the Priesthood, and the kingdom, that we
may have n secure habitation with all sobriety and
piety, and forgive the debts and sins of them that have
departed this life, through Thy mercy and love for ever.

Tlic Priest blesses Incense, and puts it in the thurible,

saying :

Let V.S offer a hymn to Thy most glorious Trinity,
at all times and for ever. O Lord our God, cause
the savour of our souls to be pleasant to Thee, through
the sweet savour of the mercy of Thy love, and cleanse
us by it from the defilements of sin.

Me censeth the Oblations therein, and saith thrice :

The Lord our God give us access by the clemency
of His mercy to these sacraments, most glorious, holy,
quickening, and divine. For in truth we are not
worthy.

151

Beacon. I am the Living Bread Which came down [8.]
from heaven : I am the Bread Which descended from
on high, said the Saviour in a Mystery to His Dis-
ciples : whosoever ap]n"oacheth in love, and receiveth
Me, shall live in Me for ever, and shall by heritage
acquire the kingdom.

Choir. The ministers, who do His will, Cherabin
and Seraphin, and Archangels, stand with fear and
trembling before the Altar, and l^eliold the Priest,
when he breaks and divides the Body of Christ for
the propitiation of sin.

Deacon. Open to me the gates of righteousness, O
Thou Merciful One, Whose door is open to penitents, _
and Who invitest sinners to draw near to Thee ; open
to us, my Lord, the gate of Thy loves, that we may
entei- in,'^and sing praise to Thee day and night.

Choir, Set, O Lord, a watch before my mouth.
Glory be to the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Beacon. O Merciful One, have pity on us, and [10.]
show mercy to us ; and despise us not in the time of
affliction, for night and day we hope in Thee : and
they that trust in Thee shall not be confounded.

Choir. Let all the people say, Amen and Amen.
Isaiah kissed the fire in the kindled coal, and his lips
were not burnt, but his iniquity was pardoned:
mortals in this very bread receive fire, and it guards
their bodies and burns out their sins.

Deacon. From everlasting to everlasting: the Altar
is fire in fire : fire surrounds it : let Priests bcAvare of
the terrible and tremendous fire, lest they fall into it,
and be burnt for ever.

The Priest breaks the Host, and saith :

We draw near, my Lord, in the faith of Thy
Name to these Holy Mysteries, and in Thy love

152

we break, and in Thy pity we sign the Body and
Blood of our Saviour Jesus Christ, in the Name
of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Ghost.

The Priest layeth that part of the Oblation wliich
he holdeth in his left hand, on the paten : he dips the
other in the Blood, zip to the midst.

Let the Precious Blood be signed with the Holy
Body of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the Name of
the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

(1^) The Priest marhs with his right thumb nail
that part of the Oblation which hath been dipped in
the JBlood,

Let the Holy Body be signed with the Blood of
Propitiation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the Name
of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Ghost.

Then joining the two together, he says :

These predestinated Mysteries, exceeding glorious,
holy, and quickening, and divine, are consecrated, per-
fected, completed, and united together in the venerable
and illustrious Name of the glorious Trinity; that they
may be to us, O Lord, lor the propitiation of our
sins, and a great hope of resurrection from the dead ;
and the renewal of life in the kingdom of heaven.

Glory to Thee, my Lord, because Thou didst create
me by Thy grace : glory to Thee, my Lord, because
Thou didst call me by Thy mercy : glory to Thee, my

Q°) This rubric was altered by the Portuguese censors ; for
which Lo Brun sharply rebukes them ; and it is not very easy to
make out i'rom the rubrics that remain, what the original
' ■direction was.

153

Lord, because Thou hast made me the mediator of
Thy o-ifts : and for all the dispensation which Thou
hast carried out towards ray weakness, let praise,
laud, honour and adoration ?iscend to Thee, now, and
to ages of ages.

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love
of God the Father, and the communication of the
Holy Ghost be with us all, now and ever, and to
ages of ages.

Deacon. Let us all with fear and reverence approach
the mystery of the Body and precious Blood of our
Saviour : and with pure heart and true faith let us
call to memory His Passion and Resurrection, and
understand it plainly : for our sakes the Only-
Begotten took on Himself a mortal body, and spiritual
reason and immortal soul : and in His precepts,
which confer life, and in His holy law has brought
us back from error to the acknov.'ledgment of the
truth : and after all the dispensations which He
wrought for us, He offered tiie first fruits of our
nature as a sacrifice on the Cross, and bestowed on us
this Holy Sacrament, by means of which we might
remember all the grace which He manifested to us.
Let us then with overflowing charity, and humble
will, receive the gift of eternal life, and with pure
prayer, and earnest grief for our sins, be made par-
takers of the Holy Mysteries of the Church, and be,
by the hope of penitence, converted from our iniquities,
and grieve for our transgressions: let us furthermore
ask tor love and mercy, and let us call on God the
Lord of all, and let us forgive the debts of our fellow
servants.

People. Lord, have mercy on the sins and iniqui-
ties of Thy servants. [And so at the end of eacfi
clause.]

154

Deacon. Let us cleanse our consciences from divi-
sion and contention ;
Let our souls be thoroughly perfect, both from

all hatred and malice to others.
Let us receive sanctity, and be inflamed by the

Holy Ghost.
Let us receive the societv of the Divine Mvsteries

in unanimity of mind and mutual peace.
And may it be, O Lord, to us for the resurrec-
tion of our bodies, and the salvation of our
souls, and the life that is to ages of ages.
Amen.
3Ieanwhile the Priest saith : Blessed art Thou,
Lord God of our fathers, and hiohlv exalted and
excellently laudable is Thy Name for ever : in that Thou
hast not dealt w^ith us after our sins, neither rewarded
us according to our iniquities, but according to the
multitude of Thy love hast delivered us irom the
power of darkness, and hast called us to the kingdom
of Thv most dearly beloved Son our Lord Jesus
Christ, by Whom Thou hast made bare, and hast
brought to nought, the power of darkness, and hast
bestowed on us life incorruptible. And now, O Lord,
'J'hou Who hast vouchsafed that I should stand before
this Thy pure and holy Altar, to ofler unto Thee this
loving and holy sacrifice, make us also v/orthy, by Thy
love, that in all pureness and holiness we may receive
the Gift : and that it may not be unto us for judgment
or vengeance, but for love and piety and the remission
of sins, and resurrection from the dead, and eternal
life : so that we may all be the fullest witnesses of
Thy glory, and the habitation of a holy shrine : that
after we have been incorporated into the Body and
Blood of Thy Christ with all Thy Saints, we may
shine with light, in His ever-glorious and lofty reve-

155

lation : for to Thee and to Thine with the Holy
Ghost, is glory and honour and laud and adoration,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Blot out, O Lord, tlie sins and transgressions of
Thy servants, and sanctify our life hy the songs of the
Holy Ghost, to the end that we, with all Thy Saints,
may offer to Thy most lofty Divinity the fruits of
glory and praise ; and make us worthy, O Lord, to
stand in Thy Presence ever with pure heart and open
countenance ; and that with the confidence which by
Thy love is conferred on us, we may all of us together
invoke Thee, and thus say :

Our Father.

Priest. Yea, O Lord, (i6) God of Hosts, O our
most glorious God, and our merciful Father, we
earnestly ask, beseech, and implore the clemency of
Thy goodness : lead us not, my Lord, into temptation,
but save and deliver us from the evil one, and from
his host ; for Thine is the kingdom and the strength,
the glory and the power, the empire and the might,
in heaven and in earth, now and to ages of ao-es.

Deacon. Amen.

Priest. Peace be with you.

Deacon. And with thee and with thy spirit.

Priest. That which is holy befits the holy, my
Lord, to be received.

Deacon. One holy Father, one holy Son, one
Holy Ghost. Glory be to the Father,"^ and to the
SoK,and to the Holy Ghost, to ages of ages. Amen.

TJie Deacon goes to the Altar : the Priest takes his
right hand and 'piits it into the Paten.
Deacon. The glory of our Lord

('•) The EinboUsmus : as in S. Mark, p. 2 3 ; S.James, n. 70-
b. Ijasil, p. 1/2.

156

Priest. Be with them and with iis, in the heavenly
kingdom : glory be to the Living God.

JJeacon. Glorify the Living God.

People. Glory to Him and to Thy Church : Plis
love and His pity. Amen.

Priest. Lord, my God, I am not worthy, nor is
it indeed meet that I should receive Thy Body and
the Blood of propitiation, nor that I should touch "them ;
but let Thy words sanctify my soul, and heal my body,
in the Name of the Father, and of the Sox, and "of
the Holy Ghost.

And he receives the Body of our Lord. Pa the
meantime the Deacoyi sings :

Let this oblation be received above in the heavenly
places, together with that which Abel, Noah, and
Abraham, offered to the heavenly kingdom.

Priest. Let the gift of the grace of our Saviour
Himself, Jesus Christ, be accomplished throuoh
love in all of us.

Deacon. To ages of ages. Amen.

j^_^ 2Vie Priest receives the Chalice, and then saith :

The Blood of the propitiation of our Lord Jesus
Christ nourish my soul and body in this life, and in
the life to come.

Deacon. My brethren, receive the body of the Son
Himself, saith the Church, and drink His Blood.

And Tvhile the 2Jeople communicate, the Deacon saith:

Strengthen, O Lord, the hands which are stretched
out to receive the Holy Thing: vouchsafe that they
may daily bring forth fruit to Thy Divinity; that they
may be worthy of all things which they have sung to
Thy praise within Thy sanctuary, and may ever laud

157

Thee. (^7) Grant, moreover, My Lord, that tlie ears
which have heard the voice of Thy songs, may never
hear the voice of clamom" and dispute. Grant also
that tlie eyes which have seen Thy great love, may
also behold Thy blessed hope ; (J^) that the tongues
which have sung the Sanctus may speak the truth.
Grant that the feet which have walked in the church
may walk in the region of light: that the bodies which
have tasted Thy living Body may be restored in new-
ness of life. On this congregation also, which adores
Thy divinity, let Thy aids be multiplied, and let Thy
gi-eat love remain with us ; and by Thee may we
abound in the manifestation of Thy glory, and open a
door to the prayers of all of us. We all then, who
have drawn near by the gift of the grace of the Holy
Ghost, and to whom it has been vouchsafed to become
fellow participators in the reception of these mysteries,
most excellent, holy, divine, and quickening, let us all
praise and exult in God, the Giver of them.

Priest. Glory be to Him for Kis unspeakable gift.
It is meet, just and right, O Lord, that at all times,
and days, and hours, we should laud, adore and
glorify the terrible Name of Thy Majesty ; since by
Thy grace and Thy love, my Lord, Thou hast vouch-
safed to the weak nature of the mortal sons of men, to
hallow Thy Name with blessed spirits, and hast given
us to be partakers of the gift of Thy mysteries, and to
be delighted with the sweetness of Thy words which
give life and are divine, and always to offer praise

('") This seems to be the sense of a veiy obscure expression.

C^) JVotico this remarkable prayer, which has no parallel that
I am aware of in any liastern rite : there is nothing like it in the
kindred Nestorian Liturgies, nor in the mongrel JS'cstorian service
of John of iiassora. It appears to me of the most remote
antiquity.

158

to Thy divinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. (^'J)
Then all say, Our Father.

The Priest Uirneth to the people, and hlessetk them,

saymg,

He Who blesseth us with all benediction in heaven,
by the Son of humanity, (^o) and hath invited to Kis
kingdom and eternal sweetness :

And Who hath given Plis promise to the apostolic
congregation, and also in verity 'hath signed His word,
that there should be no doubt in it :

Ye shall say. Verily, veiily, I say, and in verity I
sign My words : every one that eateth My quickening
Body, and drinketh my Blood of the salutary chalice,

I forgive him all his debts, and I blot out all his
sins, and I call him to tlie kingdom ; and let it deliver
you from affliction, and save you from scandals.

He bless (-1) the seeds of your fields. He bless the
fruits of your trees, and He multiply and bless your
substance, and of His love give jo\x long life.

O God, the Lord of men, bless this congregation,
and give strength to the weak, for behold, he beginneth
from the beginning.

By the living sign of Christ, may the glorious
throne of the Oriental Cathoiici be blessed, that
righteousness may rise and shine in it.

Let the father full of splendour, the Bishop v,ho
is pastor and lord of the whole flock, full of sobriety,
be Guarded from evil.

(1^) Then follows, in the original, an alternative thanksgiving
with the above.

(=") Tliia singular substitution for the Son of Man was altered
by the Diamperese censors into His Sou.

(21) This verb of course is to be connected with the first clause
of the benediction.

159

Bless the holy presbyters, clerks and ministers : let
them be set free from dangers and devils, and very
evil men.

To the ancient of days, to old men, illustrious through
age, may the Lord give them a good end, and call
them to the kingdom.

Young men, fair in stature and possessed of strengtli,
may He cause them to increase in splendour, and fill
them -with purity.

The frail nature of women, virgins also and the
wedded, may they may be kept from fall, from snares
and scandals.

The Lord that sitteth in heaven, give us a quiet
peace, a good and sweet peace, that we may rejoice
day and night.

He give you peaceful times, that ye may ever
rejoice and not be turbulent and unquiet, but loving
each other through charity.

And since ye are assembled together this day, in
the solemnity of this oblation, may the Cross of the
Celestial King guard you.

The Lord receive your oblation and your sacrifice,
and your prayers, and may His Spirit rest upon your
alms, and may your petitions enter into His Presence.

May he that is illustrious in the congregation of the
Saints, the religious Hormisdas, ("-) the holiness of
holinesses, keep you from plague and devils and very
evil men.

May he pray also for this crowd, the poor, the
miserable, for they are disciples of this Saint, that
thus they may be free from calamity.

(") Hormisdas, a celebrated ascetic in Malabar, beai's the same
relation to the Cluirch of India that S. Ajitony does to Egypt,
b. tfabbas to Palestine, or Tekla-IIaiinaiioth to Ethioiiia.

160

Furthermore may they who have modestly laboured
and served witli simphcity in this v^^orld, be guarded
in righteousness from ill.

And they -vvho are strangers among us, and are far
off from their homes, may the King of ages of ages
cause them to return in peace.

Let this feast be holy upon you, O humble people,
and may the Lokd be your establisher and councillor
to good things.

Now and ever, and at all times and occasions, by
nights also and days, and even to ages of ages. (-•'')

('^) In the original tliere follow three alternative benedictions.
That translated above, I take to be for lesser festivals. The others
are — 1, For the highest feasts : 2, For ferial days : 3, For
masses of the dead — which last I imagine to be Roman.

THE OFFICE OF THE PROTHESIS.

The Okder of the Holy Prothesis, as per-
formed IN THE Great Church, and the
Holy Mountain.

The Priest mid Deacon go to the prothesis, Q-) and
wash their hands, (2) saying, (^)

I will wasli my hands in innocency, O Lord, and
so will I go to Thine Altar, to the end of the Psalm.

Then they ynahe three adorations before the prothesis^
and each saith,

God be merciful to me a sinner, and have pity upon
me.

(1) i.e., into the chapel of np'i^nri; ; the name, being the same
for botli it and the credence, may create confusion.

(-) In most churches, there is a lavatory for this purpose near
to the credence.

Q) Tlie antiquity of tliis rite in the Eastern Church is shewn
by S. Cyril, (Catech. Myst. 5.) '' Ye have seen the Deacon
giving water to the Priest to wash his hands, and to the Pres-
byters, who surrounded the Altar of God. Did he give it tlicm
to tlie end that the tilth of the body might be purged away ? I
trow not : for we use not to enter the Church polluted with tilth.
But that cleansing of tho hands is a symbol, that we must be
made clean from all our sins and iniquities." And of old the
custom was, that all who intended to be communicants should
•wash their hands. S. Maximus : " All men who propose to
commuuicuto first wash their hands."

162

Thou hast redeemed us from the curse of the law,
by Thy precious Blood, being naikxl to the Cross,
and wounded with the lance, and didst pour forth
streams of immortality to men : glory be to Thee, our
Saviour.

Deacon. Sir, give the blessing.

Priest. Blessed be our God always, now and ever,
and to ages of ages. Amen.

Then the Priest tahes in his left Itand the Oblations (^)
and in his right the holy sfear.

In remembrance of our Lord and God, and Savi-
our Jesus Christ. (This he saith thrice.)

He then thrusts the spear into the inght (s) side of
the (^) seal, and saith, as he cuts,

(^) Five small loaves, of the form indicated in the text, are
provided in the prothesis. They are round, symbolically repre-
senting, imder the shape of a i)iece of money, the price of our
redemption, (Durandus, 4, 41 ;) but each has a square projection
rising from it, usually called the Uoly Lamb, but sometimes
simply the Holy Bread. Tliis, in the Greek Church, is stamped
with the words, IC XC NIK A. Jesus Christ conquers.

(5) That is, of the Holy Lamb, which he is now going to
divide from the rest of the Oblation.

(«) The seal {a-^^ayis) is, properly speaking, the Cross im-

1G3
He was led as a sheep to the slaughter.

Into the left, saying.

And as a blameless lamb dumb before His shearers^
so He opened not His mouth.

Into the tipper part, saying,
In His humiliation His judgment was taken away.

Into the lower, saying,
And who shall eclare His generation?

The Deacon, looking devoutly on this rite, saith, at
each incision.

Let us make our supplications to the Lord : holding
his horarion in his hand. (")

After these things, (f) he saith.
Sir, take up.

pressed on the Holy Lamb, and is so to be taken here ; but is
sometimes used fur the thing thus sealed, namely, the Holy
Lamb itself, as in what follows.

(') The posture, which continually occurs in the Liturgy, can
scarcely be understood except from actual sight. The Deacon is
now, like S. John Baptist, preaching the Lamb of God; or,
according to the before-named system of S. Germanus, he repre-
sents the Angel saluting tlio Blessed Virgin at her Annunciation,
T^v ayyiXo-j ^i(/.iiTu.i to X'^'i- ''"') ITaj^'svisu TT^o/rf^iyyofiivov. In the
same way, ihe separation of the Lamb from the Oblation sets
forth, so to speak, tlie separation of our Lokd from His Mother
at His birth: ri ■irpixr'po^u. . .i!; rv'Ttov Tr,; awrot^fivou Xc/.f/,f^uvircci' ra
Kvpiaxov ^ufice, us ik tivo; noiXta; . . tou oXov a^roVy (fi'/ifi^i, oiaTifiviTait

(t') The Holy Lamb being now entirely separated from the
Oblation.

164

A7}d the Priest, thrusting the holy spear obliquely
into the right side of the Oblation, raises tip the holy
Bread, ('J) saying.

For His life is taken away from the earth; [always,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.]

And layeth it, cross downwards,{}'^) in the holy dish.
The Deacon saith, Sir, sacrifice.

The Priest saith, while he cuts if crosswise,

The Lamb of God is sacrificed, Which laketh away
the sin of the world, for the life and salvation of the
world.

Then he turns it cross upwards, (i^) and the Deacon
saith, Sir, stab.

And the Priest, piercing the right side (^•) with the
holy spear, saith.

One of the soldiers with a spear pierced Plis side,
and forthwith came thereout Blood and Water : and
he that saw it bare record, and his record is true.

The Deacon the?i pours into the holy chalice, wine and
water, first saying to the Priest,

Sir, bless the Holy Union. And the Priest blesses
them.

{^) That is, the Lamb.

('") This is evidently done for convenience, that the softer part
of the bread may be cut by the holy sj^ear: but mystically repre-
sents the helplessness of a lamb exjiiring under the deathblow.

(!') This is explained of Christ's bearing His Cross, i ya^
ffTttv^oi, says an anonymous writer quoted by Goar, oh» tfx.i'^ocrhv,
aXX' o'Ticrhii tou ffuifiaro; rou Yiv^iou l-Ti^n' to. IX VT!ox,a,roi — i.e., of
the Lamb — t« 'ifj.'riioir^iv tovtov u.vaiJ,(pi(^oXus OiiXoi.

('■-) This shows that the Greek Ciiurch had the same tradition
as the Latin, that our Lokd's Wound was oii His right side.

165

Then the Priest, taking the second Q-^) Oblation, saith,
In honour and memory of the most excellent and
glorious Lady, tlie Mother of God and Ever- Virgin
Mary, by whose intercessions receive, O Lord, this
Sacrifice to Thy heavenly altar.

a The Holy Lamb. b The portion of S. Mary,

c The nine portions of Prophets, Apostles, Martyrs, &c.

d Portions for the living. e Portions for the dead.

('^) According to the present use of the Eastern Church, five
Oblations are originally set on the prothesis, probably in com-
memoration of the miracle of the five loaves. Anciently, indeed,
the number of Oblations varied with the number of offerers. But,
though five be the usual number, and invariable in the Russian
Church, yet often in Greece one Oblation only is offered ; the
porfiona being taken fiom the same loaf from which the Holy
Lamb hils been previously cut. And this not only in small places,
but even in the Patriarchal Church.

16G

A7id tailing a portion, (i*) he places it on the right
side of the holy Bread near its middle part, saying,

At Thy right hand did stand the Queen in a vesture
of gold, wrought about with divers colours.

Then, tahing the third Oblation, he saith,

Of the honourable and glorious Forerunner, Prophet,
and Saptist John.

And taking one 2'>ortio7i, he places it on the left side
of tlie holy Bread, making a beginning of the first
row : then he saith :

Of the holy and glorious Prophets, Moses and
Aaron, Elijah, Elisha, David and Jesse, the Three
Holy Children, and all holy Prophets.

And he places the second portiori orderly tinder the
first. Then he saith :

Of the holy and glorious and all celebrated Apostles,
Peter and Paul, the Twelve, and the Seventy, and all
holy Apostles, (i^)

And tktts he places the third portion below the second,
finishing the row. Then he saith :

Of our holy Fathers, and oecumenical great Doctors

('!) This portion, fi'ipis, is called the Virgin's; and hence,
perhaps, arose the error by which the Greeks were accused of
pretending to consecrate it into the Body of S. Mary. The por-
tions are pyramidal pieces of bread, cut out of the Oblation with
the holy spear.

(15) The Eastern Church commemorates in the Menaea the
Seventy, and others who were immediately connected with our
Lord as Apostles : hence the necessity for the addition. Saints,
next in her estimation, she denominates la-wproffTcXm, the equals
of the Apostles.

1G7

and Hierarchs, Basil the Great, Gregory the Theo-
logian, and John Chrysostom, Athanasius and Cyril,
Nicolas of Myra, and all holy Hierarchs.

And taking the fourth portion, he places it near the
first, beginning a second row. Then he saith again,

Of the holy Proto-martyr and Archdeacon Stephen,
the great and holy Martyrs Demetrius, George, Theo-
dore, and all holy Martyrs, both men and women.

And taking the fifth portion, he lays it under the first
of the second row. Then he saith :

Of our holy Fathers, filled with God, Antony,
Euthymius, Sabbas, Onuphrius, and Athanasius of
Mount Athos, and all holy ascetics, men and women.

And thus, taking the sixth portio7i, he places it
belo7v the second portion, to the accomplishment of the
second row. After this he saith :

Of the Avonderworking and unmercenary Saints,
Cosmas and Damian, Cyrus and John, Panteleemon
and Hermolaus, and of ail unmercenary Saints.

Then taking the sevejith jyortion, lie puts it at the top,
beginniiig the third row.

Of the holy and just parents of God, Joachim and
Anna, of N. {the Saint of the day,) and all Saints,
through wliose intercessions God look upon us.

And taking the eighth portion, he places it in order
a little below the first (of the third row).

Yet further he saith :

Of our holy Father, John Chrysostom, Archbishop
of Constantinople, {if his Liturgy be said that day ;
but if S. liasil's be, he commemorates him.)

1C8

And this, taking the ninth portion, hejiniahes rvith
it the third row. Then taking the fourth Oblation,
he saith :

Remember, O Lord and Lover of men, all Orthodox
Sees, our Bishop N., the venerable Presbytery, the
Diaconate in Christ, and every hierarchical rank,
the Hegumen N., our brothers and fellow-ministers,
Priests and Deacons, and all our brothers, ■whom
Thou hast called to Thy Communion, through Thy
mercy, O good Lord.

And taking a portion, he places it helow tke holy
Bread. Then he commemorates also those living n-hose
names he has, (^^) and thus taking their portions,
places them below the holy Bread. Then taking the
fifth Oblation, he saith :

For the memory and forgiveness of sins of the
blessed founders of this holy habitation.

Tie then commemorates the Bishop) that ordained
1dm, and such other of the dead as lie p)leases ; and
lastly, saith thus :

(i") " Before they go to the prothesis to begin the Liturgy,"
says Dr. Covel, " all good people who are disposed to have their
absent friends, dead or living, commemorated, go to them that
celebrate, and get their names set down, there being two cata-
logues, one for the living, one for the dead, for which they
deposit some aspers, or richer presents, in silver or gold, as they
are able or disposed ; this being a great part of a common Priest's
maintenance, especially in country villages. And as the Priest
reads over these catalogues, at every name there written, there
is a scrape made u])on the crust to rub off some mites as their
particular portions." This custom much resembles that which
is referred to by S. Innocent I., in his Epistle to Decentius :
" The Oblations are first to bo commended to Gon, and then
their names, whose are the Oblations, to be recited, that they
may be named in the mysteries." And S. .Terome (Homil. in
Ezech., cap. 6 and 18,) rebukes the pride which some offerers
took in hearing their names thus recited.

1G9

And of all our Orthodox fathers and brethren, who
have departed in the hope of the resurrection and in
Thy communion to eternal life, O Lord and Lover of
men. (And he takes a portion.)

Then the Deacon, himself also taking a Seal and
the holy spear, commemorates i}"^^ those of the living
whom he pleases ; and lastly saith thus :

Remember, also, O Lord, my unworthiness, and
forgive me every sin, voluntary and involuntary.

Then, in like manner, he takes another Seal, and
commemorates whom he will of the departed : and
puts the portions below the holy Bread, in the same
way as the Priest. Then he takes the sponge, {^^) and
fjatJiers together the j^ortions in the disk tinder the
holy Bread, so that they are safe, and that nothing
can fall off. IVien the Deacon, taking the censer,
and incense in it, -saith to the Priest :

Sir, bless the incense. Let us make our supplica-
tions to the Lord.

The Priest saith the Prayer of Incense.

We offer to Thee incense, O Christ our God, for
a savour of a spiritual perfume : receive it unto Thy
heavenly altar, and send down in its stead the grace
of Thy most Holy Spirit.

{}') This is an innovation. S. Symeon of Thessalonica dis-
tinctly condemns it. " Tlie Deacon* must not offer portions ; for
tfiey have not the grace of offering to God." {ol Si? Iiecxnov;

£;%;oi/(ri.)

("*) The Greeks use a " holy sponge," in place of the purifi-
catorium of the Latins. It is generally calh-d ^^Troyyoj,-, but hero
j-toiiaa, the more modern term for the same thing.

170

Deacon. Let us make our supplications to the
Lord.

The Priest censes the Asterisk, (i9) and places it over
the lioly Bread, saying :

di)

And the star came, and stood over where the young-
Child was.

Deacon. Let us make our supplications to the Lqkd.
And the Priest taking the first veil, ("") covers with
it the hohf Bread with the disk, saying :

('■') The asterisk is as shown in the text; it folds and unfolds
for the purpose of being more conveniently put away. Its use is
to prevent the veil of the disk from disarranging the order of the
2)ortions ; its mystical oneaning, as the versicle shews, is the star
•which led the "Wise Men to the Infant Saviour. S. Germanus,
■who usually finds a reference to the Nativity, where the context
of the office refers to the Death of our Saviour, here finds a
reference to the latter, where the Liturgy intends the former, and
explains the asterisk of our Lord's bier and its coverings.

(-*•) This veil is called the "hKrxoKa.Xvf/.i^a,. The second veil has
no distinctive name, but the third is called 'A-^^ or vtcpiXn, It is
called air, because, as the air surrounds the earth, so does this
surround the holy gifts ; and cloud, because it is wiitten, "There
came a cloud and overshadowed them." This name, air, has
found its way into our own Church, through Bishop Andrewes,
and the divines of his time, who (especially Wren) were well
versed in the Eastern Liturgies.

171

The Lord hatli reigned ; He liatli put on glorious
apparel : the Lord hath put on His apparel, and
girded Himself with strength.

Deacon. Let us make our supplications to the Lord.
Sir, cover. (>caAu4'oy.)

And the Priest, censing the second veil, covers with it
the hoi// chalice, saying :

Thy glorj^, O Christ, hath filled the heavens, and
the earth is full of Thy praise.

Deacon. Let us make our supplications to the
Lord. Sir, shelter. (cr/ciTracroy.) ("^.)

The Priest censing the covering which is called
the Air, and covering both chalice and dish witlt it,
■saith :

Shelter us with the covering of Thy -vvings, chase
away from us every enemy and foe ; give peace in
our time ; Lord, have mercy upon us, and on Th}''
world, and save our souls, for Thou art good, and the
lover of men.

2yten the Priest, taking the censer, censes the jyrotliesis,
saying thrice :

Blessed be our God, who is thus well pleased:
glory be to Thee.

The Deacon saith at each time :

Always, now and ever, and to ages of ages.
Amen.

(~^) The difference of the two expressions used for the covering
■with the first and with tlio second veil, will show the proiiriety of
the exclamations hy the Priest that follow each.

172

Then they both adore reverently, three times. Then
the Deacon, taking the censer, saith :

At the oblation of the Holy Gifts, let us make our
supplications to the Lord.

The Priest saith the Prayer of Prothesis : (j^~)

O God, omy God, Who didst send forth the
Heavenly Bread, the nourishment of the whole world,
our Lord and God, Jesus Christ, as a Saviour and
Redeemer and Benefactor, blessing and hallowing us;
Thyself bless this Oblation, and receive it to Thy
heavenly altar : remember, of Thy goodness and love
to men, theiTi that offered it, and them for v/liom they
offered it ; and keep us without condemnation in the
celebration of Thy holy mysteries. For blessed and
hallowed is Thy holy and glorious Name, Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of
ages. Amen.

And after this he there makes the Dismission, saying

thus :

Glory be to Thee, Christ, our God and PI ope :
glory be to Thee.

Deacon. Glory. Both now. Lord have mercy.
Sir, give the blessing.

And the Priest givss the Dismission, saying :
(if it be Sunday, Christ, that arose from the dead,"!
\ifnot, Christ, our true God, J

through the intercessions of His spotless Mother, and
our holy Father, John Chrysostom, Archbishop of

(") This prayer is word for word from the Liturgy of S. James,
where it is said by the Priest when the Oblations are brought
from the Prothesis to the altar, i.e., at the Great Entrance.

173

Constantinople, {or, if it he the Liturgjj of S. Basil,
of S. Basil the Great, of Cffisarea in Cappadooia,) and
All Saints, have mercy upon us, and save us; for
Thou art frood and the lover of men.
Deacon. Amen.

After the Dismission, the Beacon censes the holy
prothesis; then he goes and censes the holij Table all
round in the form of a Cross, saying secretly :

In the tomb bodily, in Hades spiritually, in para- '
dise with the thief, while Thou wert, O Christ, with
the Father and the Holy Ghost on the throne, as
God filling all things ai»d incircumscript. Then he
saith the fifty-first Psalm. In the meantime he censes
the Sanctuary and all the Church, and comes again
to the holy Altar, and again censes the holy Table and
the Priest ; then he puts down the censer in its place,
and comes close to the Priest ; and they stand in front
of the holy Table, and mahe three reverences; praying
secretly, and saying :

O heavenly King, the Paraclete, the Spirit of
truth. Who art every where present, and fillest all
things, the Treasure of good things, and Giver of life,
come and tabernacle in us, and cleanse us from all
stain, and save our souls, O good God.

Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace,
good-will towards men. Twice.

O Lord, open Thou my lips, and my mouth shall
show forth Thy praise.

Then the Priest hisses the Holy Gospel, and the
Deacon the holy Table. Then the Deacon, bowing
his head to the Priest, and holding his horarion with
the three fingers of his right hand, saith :

174

It is time to sacrifice (-3) to the Lord. Holy Sir,
give the blessing.

The Priest, signing him with the Cross, sai/h :

Blessed be our God always, now and ever, and to
ages of ages. Amen.

Deacon. Holy Sir, pray for me.

Priest. The Lord make straight thy goings to
every good work.

Deacon. Holy Sir, remember me.

Priest. The Lord our God remember thee in His
kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages.

Deacon. Amen. Then he makes a reverence, and
goes out, and standing in the accustomed place, over
against the Italy doors, makes tliree reverences, saying
to himself : O Lord, open Thou my lips, and my
mouth shall shew Thy praise. After this, he begins,
Sir, give the blessing.

Priest. Blessed be the kingdom, &c.

[The Liturgy will he found at page 93.]

(23) Ilocav. King translates ''to perform;" and Goar, doubt-
fully, " faciendi." The M'ord often, in late Greek signifies to
sacrifice. 8o the LXX, Isaiah xix. 21 ; 1 Kings xi. 33; Levit,

ix. 7. So in S. Luke ii.27, " toZ -Xoimai au<roh; xuto. to I'l^ifff^ivov ToZ

MiiiJt,o)t" — ought to he translated — ''that they might offer a sacrifice
according to the custom ot the law." So facere is often used iu
Latin, Virg. iii. 77, " Cum faciam vitula ])ro frugibus." And
the similar word (i't^iv, as every one knows, constantly means
the same thins.

APPENDIX I.

THE FORMUL.^ OF INSTITUTION

As they occur in every extant Liturgy.

[alphabetically arraxged.]

]. All Apostles.

[Ethiojnc : 3Ionophysite.]

In the same night in which He was betrayed, He
took bread into His hands, holy, blessed, and imma-
culate. He looked up to heaven, to Thee, His Father,
He gave thanks. He blessed, lie sanctified and gave
to His disciples, saying: Take, eat yo all of this : This
Bread is My Body, which is broken for you

FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. Amen.

JPeople. Amen. Amen. Amen. We believe and
are certain. We praise Thee, O Lohd, our God:
this is truly, and we thus believe, Thy Body.

Priest. In like manner the cup of thanksgiving He
blessed, and sanctified, and said to them : Take, drink
ye all of it : This is the chalice of My Blood
WHICH shall be sued for you, for the redemp-
tion op many.

176

People. Amen. Tliis is verily Thy Blood : we
believe.

[The first formula has been made the subject of great rejoicing
by Protestants : -while by some LituiL:ical writers it has been
considered invalid. But the extremely strong language
employed in the response of the people, ought to set the
Ethiopic canon above suspicion. I do not mean to defend
its compilers from the charge of presumption in altering our
Lord's own most sacred woi'ds : I would only urge with
most Catholic writers, that they ai-o perfectly orthodox.
When the Priest says, holding the paten in his hand, — Tins
bread, that which is in the paten is bread, and no more :
■where he to terminate then, the bread would be only so far
sanctified as being an oblation to God, but true bread still.]

2. Ambrosian.

"Who, on the day before He suffered for the salva-
tion of us and of all, taking bread, He lifted His eyes
to heaven to Thee, God, His Father Almighty ; and
giving thanks, He blessed. He brake, and gave to His
disciples, saying to them : Take and eat ye all of it;
FOR THIS IS JN]y Body.

In the like manner, after He had suffered, taking
the chalice, He lifted up His eyes to heaven, to Thee,
God, His Father Omnipotent : also giving thanks to
Thee, He blessed, and gave to His disciples, saying
to them : Take, drink ye all of it ; for this is the
CHALICE OF My Blood, of the New and Eternal
Testament, the Mystery of Faith, which for
you and for many shall be poured forth for
THE REMISSION OF SINS. Commanding also, and
saying to them, These things as oft as ye shall do, ye
shall do them in memorial of Me : ye shall preach
My Death : ye shall announce My Resurrection : ye
shall hope for My Advent, till again I shall come to
you from heaven.

177

3. Apostles (Nestorian.)
[In this Liturgy thelVords of Institution are wantinfj.]

4. Apostles (Si/ro- Jacob lie.)

Who, when for us He vi-as made man, ^vithout
mutation, He came to the Cross ; and before His
quickening Passion, He took bread into His quicken-
ing hands, He blessed. He sanctified. He brake, and
ate, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take and eat
of it: For THIS IS My Body, which for you and

FOR MANY IS BllOKEN AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION
OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner the clialice also, after they
had supped. He mingled with wine and water. He
blessed. He sanctified, and when He had tasted it,
He gave it to His disciples, saying : Take, drink ye
all of it : FOR this is the New Testament in My
Blood, which for you and for many is poured
forth for the expiation of sins and life
eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. As often as ye shall eat this broad and
drink this chalice, ye shall keep My memory till I
shall come.

People. Amen.

5. Armenian.

He instituted this "rcat mvsterv of faith and reli-
gion when He was about to give Himself up to death
for the life of the world.

People. We believe.

Priest. Taking bread into His Hands, holy, divine.

178

most spotless, and venerable, He blessed, He gave
to His elect, holy, and fellovv-dlsciples, saying,

Deacon. Sir, bless.

Priest. This is My Body, which for you and

FOR 51 ANY IS GIVE.V FOR REMISSION AND PARDON
OF SINS. '

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner He took the chalice, He
blessed, He gave thanks. He drank, and gave it to
His elect, holy, and fellow-disciples, saying.

Deacon. Sir, bless.

Priest. This is My Blood of the New Testa-
ment, WHICH FOR you AND FOR MANY IS SHED FOR
THE REMISSION AND PARDON OP SINS.

People. O Heavenly Father, Who didst give up
Thy Son to death, as the Debtor of our debts, we
beseech Thee for the sake of His Blood, which hath
been shed, to have mercy upon Thy rational flock.

Deacon. Sir, give the blessing.

Priest. And Thine Only-Begotten Son, the Lover
of men, commanded us to do this in remembrance of
Him.

6. S. Basil {Orthodox.^

In the night in which He gave Himself up for the
life of the world, taking bread in His holy and spot-
less hands, exhibiting it to Thee His God and Father,
He gave thanks, blessed, hallowed, brake, and gave to
His holy Apostles and Disciples, saying : Take, eat:
This is My Body, which is broken for you for

THE remission OF SINS.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also the Chalice, out of the
fruit of the vine, He mingled. He gave thanks, He
blessed. He hallowed, He gave to His holy Apostles

179

and disciples, saying: Drink ye all of it : for this is
My Blood of the New Testament, which for
you and for many is poukeu forth for the
remission op sins.

J^eople. Amen.

Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me : for as
often as ye eat this Bread, and drink this Chalice, ye
show forth My Death, and confess my Resurrection.

7. S. Basil (Cojjto- Jacobite.)

He instituted this great mystery of piety and reli-
gion M'hen He had determined to give Himself up to
death for the life of the world.

People. We verily believe.

Priest. He took bread into His hands, holy, pure,
immaculate, blessed and life-giving, and looked up to
heaven to Thee, O God, His Father, and the Lord
of all.

People. Amen.

Priest, {raising his eyes.) And gave thanks. Amen.
And blessed it. Amen. And sanctilied it. Amen.
And brake it, and gave it to His holy Apostles and
disciples, saying : Take, eat ye all of this : For this
IS My Body, which for you is broken, and for
many is given for the remission of sins : do this
in remembrance of Me. Amen.

Priest. Likewise also the cup after supper, He
mingled with wine and water, Amen. H e gave thanks,
Amen. He blessed. Amen. He sanctified it. Amen.
He tasted, and gave it to His disciples and holy
Apostles, saying: Take, drink ye all of it : for this
IS My Blood of the Isew Testament, which is

SHED FOR YOU AND FOR MANY FOR THE P.EMISSION

OF SINS : do this in remembrance of Me.

180

People. Amen. It is so.

Priest. As often as ye shall eat of this Bread and
drink this Chalice, ye shall set forth My Death and
confess my Kesurrection, and remember Me until I
come.

8. S. Basil (Si/ro- Jacobite.)

For when He was about to go forth to His volun-
tary and salutary Cross, in the night in which He was
betrayed for the life and redemption of the world, He
took bread in His holy, immaculate, pure, and spot-
less hands. He gave thanks, He blessed, He sanctihed,
He brake, and gave to His disciples and His holy
Apostles, saying : Take, eat of this: for this is My
Body, vi^'HicH for you and for many is broken

A^'D DIVIDED for THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRES-
SIONS, AND THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND FOR LIFE
ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also the Chalice of wine
from the vine, after they had supped. He took,
He mingled with water, He gave thanks, He blessed.
He sanctified and tasted and divided to His disciples
and holy Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it :

THIS IS THAT My BloOD, WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR
MANY IS POURED FORTH AND SPRINKLED, FOR THE
EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, AND REMISSION OF
SINS, AND FOR LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Pynest, For as often as ye do this, ye announce My
Death, and celebrate the memory of My Burial and
Resurrection, until I shall come.

People. We announce Thy Death, O Lord, and
profess Thy Resurrection, and expect Thy Second
Advent : let Thy mercies be upon all of us.

181

9. S. Celestine {Syro-Jacohite.')
[I have not been able to procure a copy of the canon.l

10. S. ClIRYSOSTOM,

\_See page 114.]

11. S. Chrysostom (JEthiopic.)
[This also I have been tenable to procure.'\

12. S. Chrysostom I. (Syro-Jacobite.)

When therefore He was prepared, of His own free
will, to taste of His Passion, to ascend the Cross and
the place of siiiFeriiig, and to undergo death for the
life of the whole world, in that evening in which He
accomplished the consummation of mysteries and
marvels, He took bread into His pure and holj^ hands,
and giving thanks, He blessed, and sanctified, and
brake, and gave to them that were initiated in this
His Mystei'j, His holy Apostles, saying : Take, and
eat of it: because this is My Body, which for

YOU IS BROKEN AND GIVEN, TOR THE FORGIVENESS
OF ALL THE FAITHFUL, OF VERY MANY FOR WHOM IT
IS IMMOLATED AND DIVIDED, 10 THE PKOPIATION OF
TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE
ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. After that mystical supper. He mingled the
Chalice of Life with wine and water, and raising His
eyes to Thee, God and Father, He gave thanks,
blessed, sanctified, and gave to the band of His elect
disciples and holy Apostles, and said : Take, drink ye
all of it: this IS My Blood, which confirms the
Testament of My Death : which for you is

182

POURED FORTH, AND FOR MANY IS GIVEN AND
DIVIDED, TO THE PROPITIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS,
THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. When therefore ye shall communicate of
this Bread, and shall use this Chalice of Life, ye shall
make commemoration of My Death, and make
memorial of My Resurrection, until I shall come.

People. We make memory, O Lord, of Thy Death,
■we confess Thy Resurrection, and we look for Thy
Second Advent : we beseech from Thee mercy and
grace : we pray for the redemption of our sins : let
Thy mercies be upon us all.

13. S. Chrysostom II. (Syro-Jacohite.)

And in the night of His Passion He took bread
into His holy hands, He blessed. He sanctified, He
brake, and gave to His disciples, saying: Take, eat :
This is My Body, which is given for the remis-
sion OF SINS, AND THE NeW LiFE WHICH IS FOR
EVER.

In like manner also He took the Chalice, and
blessed and gave to His disciples, and said : Take,
drink ye all of it: This is My Blood, which for

you is poured forth for the EXPIATION OF TRANS-
GRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND THE NeW

Life which is for ever. And in the first place He
commanded them, saying : As often as ye shall cele-
brate this Mystery of Gladness, ye shall commemorate
My Death and Resurrection, until 1 shall come.
People, (As in 12.)

14. S. Clement.
[See page 85.]

183

15. S. Clement {Syi'o- Jacobite.)

For in tliat night in which He was betrayed to
death, for the life and salvation of the world, He took
bread into His holy hands, He looked up to Thee,
God and Father, and gave thanks, He sanctified,
and brake, and gave it to His disciples the holy
Apostles, saying : Take, eat of it : for this is truly
My Body, which for you and for many is

BROKEN and OIVEN TO THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND
LIFE ETERNAL.

In like manner also, taking the Chalice after they
had supped. He mingled it moderately and temperately
with wine and w'ater. He gave thanks. He blessed,
He sanctified, and gave it to the same His disciples,
the holy Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it :

FOR THIS IS TRULY My BlOOD, THE SAME WHICH
FOR YOU AND FOR MANY IS POURED FORTH AND IS
GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETER-
NAL : do this in remembrance of Me. For as often
as ye shall eat this Bread, and drink this Chalice, ye
shall set forth My Death, until I come.
People. {As in 12.)

Notice ; 1. the remarkable addition, truly My Body : truly My
Blood : as some of the Nesloriaus hold extremely unsound
doctrine on the Blessed Eucharist, this likewise may be con-
sidered a protest against that. The date of this Liturj^y is
only to be guessed from internal evidence : from which I
should be disposed to consider it neither one of the earliest
or latest : — perhaps of the 8th or 0th centuri(!S.
2, Observe also the temperately and moderately, as applied to
the mixed chalice.

IG. S. Cyril (Copto-Jacobite.)

For Thine Only-Begotten Son our Lord God, the
Saviour and Universal King Jesus Christ, in that
night in which He gave Himself up that He might

184

suffer for our sins, before the death which by His own
free will He undertook for us all.

People. We believe.

Priest. He took bread into His holy, immaculate,
pure, blessed, and quickening hands, and looked up
to heaven, to Thee His God and Father, and the
Lord of all, and gave thanks.

People. Amen.

Priest. And blessed it.

People. Amen.

Priest. And sanctified it.

Priest. And brake it, and gave it His holy disciples
and pure Apostles, saying : Take, eat ye all of it :
FOR THIS IS My Body, which shall be broken

FOR Y017, AND FOR MANY SHALL BE GIVEN FOR THE

REMISSION OF SINS : do this in remembrance of Me.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also He mingled the Chalice
after supper with wine and water, and gave thanks.

People. Amen.

Priest. And blessed it.

People. Amen.

Priest. And sanctified it.

People. Amen.

Priest. And tasted it, and gave it to His glorious
holy disciples and Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye
all of it: This IS My Blood of the New Testa-
ment, WHICH for you is POURED FORTH, AND FOR
MANY SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE REMISSION OF SINS :

do this in remembrance of Me.

People. Amen.

Priest. For as often as ye shall eat of this Bread
and drink of this Chalice, announce My Death, and
confess My Resurrection, and keep my memory till I
come.

185

People. We announce Thy Death, O Lord, and

we confess Thy Resurrection.

iVoTE. S. Cyril's is one of the most valuable of the second class
of Liturgies. From its singular resemblance to, and in some
respects, its even more singular departure from, that of
S. Mark, it is very probably the real composition, or rather
edition, of the saint whose name it bears.

17. S. Cyril (Si/ro-Jacohite.)

Tie then before His salutary Passion took bread
into His holy hands, and blessed, and brake, and gave
it into the hands of His disciples, and said : This is
My Body, which is broken, and prepares you
and many of the faithful to life eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. He also mingled with wine and water the
Chalice of Life, and blessed it, sanctified it, and gave
it to the hand of His disciples, and said : This is My'
Blood, v^^hich seals the Testament of My Death,
and prepares you and many of the faithful to
eternal life.

People. Amen.

Priest. And when He had made them partakers of
holiness, and of the benefit of remission of sins, and
of His Blood, He first commanded them and enjoined,
"When ye shall communicate of this Bread and this
Chalice, be manifest of, and celebrate the memory of
My Death, and make its commemoration until I shall
come.

People. {As in 12.)

18. DiONYSius OF Athens {Syro- Jacobite')

And at the end and consummation of His dispensa-
tion, for our sakes, and before His salutary Cross, He
took bread into His holy and pure hands, and looked
to Thcc; His God and Father, and, giving thanks,

186

blessed, sanctified, brake, and gave to His disciples,
the holy Apostles, saying. Take and eat of it : and
believe "^(1) that This is My Body : the very same

WHICH FOR YOU IS BROKEN AND GIVEN FOR THE
EXPIATIOV OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF
SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In the same manner also the Chalice,
which He mingled with wine and water, He gave
thanks, He blessed. He sanctified, and gave the same
over to His disciples and holy Apostles, saying : Take,
drink ye all of it: and believe (i) that This is My
Blood of the New Testament, %vhich for you

AND for many is POURED FORTH AND GIVEN FOR
THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION
OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Pi'iest. And He gave to the whole company and
congregation of the faithful, through the same holy
Apostles, this precept, saying. Do this in remembrance
of Me : as often as ye shall eat this Bread and drink
that which is mingled in this Chalice, and shall cele-
brate this feast, ye shall commemorate My Death
until I shall come.

Peop)le. {As in 12.)

19. [S.] DioscoRUS (Ethiojnc.)

In that night in which they betrayed Him, He took
bread into His hands, holy, pure, and immaculate;

(') This most presumptuous and unlawful alteration docs not
render tlie formula invalid, since it leaves the vital portion, TJiis
is My Body, This is 31 y Blood, untouched. The disposition,
however, to interfere with the ])lain words of our Lokd, here
manilfeijted, led, as we shall presently see, to consequences more
serious on some of the Syro-Jacobite Liturgies.

187

He loolced up to heaven, there, where His Father is,
He £>-ave thanks, He blessed and brake, and gave
to His holy disciples and pure Apostles, and said
to them : Take, eat : this bread is My Body, which

IS BROKEN FOR YOU FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS.

In like manner also. He mingled wine and water,
He gave thanks, He blessed, sanctified, and gave to
His holy disciples and His pure Apostles, and said to
them : Take, drink : this cup is My Blood, which

FOR you is poured FORTH FOR THE REMISSION OF

SINS.

[This is translated from the very rare edition of Wansleb. I
suppose that the responses of the people are supplied from the
Ethiopic norm, whence the expression, this bread, is borrowed.

20. [S.] DioscoRUS OF Cardou {S>/)-o- Jacobite.)

But in that night in which He was prepared to
suffer for the life of creatures. He gave to us the pledge
of life, and prepared for us the mystery of His holy
Body and Blood : He took bread, after Pie had
accomplished the Mosaic Pascha, and laid it upon His
holy hands, in the sight of the band and fellowship of
His disciples, gave thanks to Thee, God and Father,
blessed, sanctified, brake it, and gave to the band of
His twelve after He Himself had communicated, and
said: Take, eat of it: this is My Body, which

FOR THE LIFE OF THE WORLD IS BROKEN AND GIVEN
FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, AND THE
REMISSION OF SINS.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner, after they had supped. Ho
took the Chalice of Life, mingled it temperately with
wine and water, gave thanks, blessed, sanctified it,
and gave it also to the same band of holy Apostles,
saying : Take, drink ye all of it : this is My Blood

188
OF TH15 jS'kw Testament, which for you is

POURED FORTH, AND PREPARETH YOU, AND MANY
THAT BEMEVE, FOR ETERNAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

Priest. And when ye shall celebrate these quiclcen-
ino- and holy Mysteries, believe and be certain that ye
eat of My Body and live ; and drink of My Blood,
to the expiation of transgressions, and the remission of
sins. And when ye perform all these things, remem-
ber and commemorate My Death, Sepulture, and
Resurrection, until I come.

21. Eleazar of Babylon {Syro-Jahohite.)
[This Liturgy I have not been aide to procure.]

22. S. Epiphanius {Ethiopic.)
[This Liturgy also lies beyond my reach.]

23. S. EusTATHius {Syro-Jacobite.)

"Who, when by His own free will, He went, as it
were a substitute for lis sinners to death, took bread
into His holy hands. He blessed, sanctified, brake,
and tyave to His holy disciples, and said : Take, eat of
it: This is My Body, which prepareth you,

AND ALL THE FAITHFUL THAT RECEIVE IT, TO LIFE
KTERNAL.

People. Amen.

Pi'iest. In like manner the Chalice which He liad
mino-led of wine and water, He blessed. He sanctified,
and^gave to the same His holy disciples, and said ;
Take* drink of it : This is My Blood, which pre-
pareth YOU, AND ALL THE FAITHFUL THAT RECEIVE
IT, TO L1F15 ETERNAL.

Peopile. Amen.

189

Priest. Moreover, Avlieii ye sliall celebrate this
mystery, keep the memory of My Death, until I shall
come.

Peojjle. (^As in 13 )

24. S. Gregory (Copto-Jacohite.)

Priest. For in the nigrht in which Thou didst frive
Thyself up by Thine own power,

People. We believe.

Priest. Taking bread into Thy holy, and spotless,
and blameless hands. Thou didst look up to Thine
own Father, our God, and the God of all: Thou
didst give thanks. Thou didst bless, Thou didst hallow,
Thou didst break, Thou didst distribute to Thy holy
dis-ciples, and say to Thy Apostles, Take, eat: Tins
IS My Body, which for you and for many is

BROKEN AND DISTRIBUTED FOR THE REMISSION OP

SINS : do this in remembrance of Me.

In like manner after supper, Thou didst take the
Chalice, and didst mingle it of the fruit of the vine and
of water, Thou didst give thanks, and bless, and
hallow, and distribute to Thy holy disciples, and say
to Thine Apostles, Drink ye all of it: This is My
Blood OF THE New Testament, which for you

AND FOR MANY IS POURED FORTH FOR THE REMIS-
SION OF SINS : do this in remembrance of Me. For
as often as ye eat this Bread and drink this Cup, ye
set forth My Death, and confess My Resurrection,
until I come.

People. Amen. Amen. Amen. We announce
Thy death, 0 Loud, and set forth Thy resurrection.

25. S. Gregory (Ethiopic.)
{This Liturgy I have not been ahle to jirocure.']

190

26. Holy Doctous (Si/ro-Jacohlte.)

[This is mereh/ a cento from the Lititrgies held in

most esteem hij the Si/ro-.Tacohites. The Institation,

frovi the beginninrj down to This is My Blood of the

New Testament, is from Sijriac S. James : j)osterior

to that from Syro-Jacohlte S. Cyril.']

27. S. Ignatius of Antioch {Syro-JacoUte.)

Who accomplished the whole salutary dispensation
for us, and by His holy Passion demonstrated the
verity of Flis advent in the Flesh. (-) For in the night
of the Pascha in which He was betrayed for the life
and salvation of the world, He took bread into His
holy hands, He sanctified it, and brake, and gave to
His disciples the holy Apostles, saying, Take, eat of
it: This is My Body, which prepareth you

AND MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND ETER-
NAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also, when He had mingled
the Chalice of Life with wine and Avater, He sanctified
it, and gave it to His holy disciples, saying, Take,
drink ye all of it: This is My Blood, which for

THE LIFE OF THE WORLD GIVE I, AND WHICH
PREPARETH YOU AND MANY FOR THE REMISSION
OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me : for as often
as ye shall eat this bread and drink this chalice, ye

{-) This expression, clearly directed against the Phantasiasts
and other Leictics of a similar chaiacter, shows the comparative
lateness of this Liturgy.

191

shall ccmraemoi-ate My Death, and confess My
Resurrection until I come.
Feoi)le. {As in 13.)

28. Ignatius Bar Vahib {Syro- Jacobite.)

Priest. Who, when He had willed to taste the cup
of death, that He might comfort and confirm us
mortals against death appointed for us by the law of
nature, and to descend into the abyss of them that are
buried, that they might not be deprived of His
quickening visitation ; in that night which was of the
beginning and of the end, {^) He took perfect bread (4)
into His hands full of benedictions, out of which His
holy Body was composed in the Virgin, who knew
not the nuptial engagement, before His friends : giving
thanks, He blessed. He sanctified, and brake it, and
divided it into parts, and gave it to His twelve com-
panions, and said: Take, eat : This is My Flesh,

WHICH rOR YOU, AND FOR MANY LIKE Y'OU, IS
BROKEN, SANCTIFIED, AND GIVEN FOR THE ABOLI-
TION OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner, having raised His eyes to
heaven, signifying that His Will was one with that of
His Father and His Holy Spirit, as if to confirm
the verity of His voluntary Death, for the salvation
of His image which lay in corruption. He took also
the Chalice of Life, which He had mingled witli wine
of grape and natural water, according to due measure,

(3) Thiit is the beginning of the New, and the termination of
the Okl, Passover.

(') That is, leavened bi'ead ; a clear proof that this Liturgy is not
older than the time of Photius. It is not absolutely coitain at
what period Ignatius Bar-Vahib iilkd the Jacobite throne of
Antioch ; but probably in the eleventh or twelfth century.

192

after they had feasted on the Sacraments, and gave
thanks, blessed, sanctified, and in hke manner reached
it forth to His friends, and said, Take and drink each
from the hand of the other : for this is My living
Blood WHICH is poured forth for the humak

RACE that believe IN Me, FOR THE ABOLITION
OF FOLLIES AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. And when He had Himself accomplished
this in His person. He enjoined them in His com-
mandments, and said, As often as, being in union
among yourselves, ye are joined together by these
things, keep the memory of My voluntary Death,
make commemoration of My salutary Resurrection,
and expect My Advent until My coming again.

People. {As in 13.)

29. S. James (Orthodox.)
[See page 50.]

30. S. James {Syro-JacoUte.)

\This is the same as the last, with one or two verbal
differences not worth notice.]

31. S.James: (the shorter: Stjro-Jacohite.)

[Abbreviated by Gregory, Catholic of the East, in
the year 1591.]

Priest. And when He was prepared to undergo
voluntary Death for us sinners, He Who had done no
sin. He took bread into His holy hands, and gave
thanks, blessed, sanctified, and brake, and gave to His
holy Apostles and said : Take, eat of it : This is My
Body, which for you and for many is broken

193

AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND LIFE

ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also He took the chalice
and gave thanks, blessed, sanctified, and gave to the
same His holy Apostles, saying. Take, drink ye all of
it: This is My Blood, which for you and for

MANY IS POURED FORTH AND GIVEN FOR THE RE-
MISSION OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me : when ye
shall communicate in this mystery, commemorate My
Death and My Resurrection until I come.

People. (J.S in 13.)

32. Jat.ies Barad/EUs. (^) {Syro-Jacohite.)

Priest. Who, when He had accomplished all His
salutary dispensation above the condition of human
nature, Himself, God the Word Incarnate for our
sakes : in that night in which it was to be that He
should suffer voluntarily, lie took common bread into
His holy hands, and giving thanks. He blessed. He
sanctified and brake, and gave to His Apostolic band,
and said to them : This is My Body; take, and

eat OF IT, BECAUSK WITHOUT ANY DOUBT IT IS
BROKEN FOR THE LIFE OF THE WORLD, AND SHALL
BE TO YOU, AND TO ALL THAT BELIEVE IN Me,
FOR THE PROPITIATION OF OFFENCES, THE REMIS-
SION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

(5) The celebrated heretic from -whom the sect of the Mono-
physites derive the more usual name of Jacobites. He flourished
in the fifth century j but the Liturgy which goes under his name
is of far later date.

194

Priest. And after they had supped, He took the
Chalice mingled with wine and water into His pure
hands, and giving thanks, He blessed. He sanctified,
and gave to His disciples, and said to them : This is
My Blood op the New Testament; take,
drink ye all of it ; for without doubt it is
poured forth for the life of the world,
and shall be to you and of all that shall

BELIEVE IN Me, FOR THE PROPITIATION OF OF-
PENCES, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL
LIFE.

People. Amen.

Priest. As often therefore as ye shall eat this Bread
and drink this Cup, ye shall commemorate My Death
and Resurrection until 1 come.

People. i^As in 13.)

33. James of Edessa (St/ro- Jacobite.)

Priest. When therefore He was eating that legal
Lamb, which was tlie type of the Heavenly Lamb,
with His holy disciples, and willed to deliver us from
corporal sacrifices of lambs, of bulls, and of kids, and
to raise us to more worthy sacrifices, celestial and
divine mysteries, — in that evening, in which He was
about to give Himself up to be a Sacrifice for us, He
took bread into His holy hands, free from all stain,
and raising His eyes to heaven, to His Father, He
gave thanks. He blessed, He brake. He ate, and gave
to His disciples, saying : Take, eat of it : This is My
Body, which for the life of creatures is
broken and divided for the remission of sins
and life eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner, he temperately mingled the

195

cup with wine and water, He gave thanks over it,
after He had supped witli His disciples in the mystical
table, He blessed, He sanctified, and reached forth to
His holy Apostles, and said : This is My Blood,

WHICH I POUR FORTH FOR THE LIFE OF THE WORLD,
AND WHICH PREPARETH, FOR THEM THAT BELIEVE
IN Me, ETERNAL LIFE.

Peo'ple. Amen.

Priest. Tills do as often as ye shall eat this Body
and drink this Chalice: keep memory of My Death
till I shall come.

People. {As in 13.)

34. James of Seruq {Ethopic.)
[This Liturgy I have not been able to procure.]

35. James of Serug {Syro- Jacobite.^

Priest. And when He was prepared to sufler, He
left us a commemoration of Himself. For in that
evening in which were accomplished all the mysteries
of the types and miracles, in that night in which He
was betrayed for the lite and salvation of the world,
taking bread into His holy hands, He looked up to
Thee, God and Fa i her. He gave thanks. He blessed,
He brake, and gave to tlie assembly of His disciples,
and said to them. Take, eat of it: This is My Body,

WHICH FOll VOU AND FOR MANY IS BROKEN AND
GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND LIFE
ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner, after they had supped, He
mingled also the Chalice of Lite, ot wine and water,
and sanctified, and gave to the assembly of His dis-
ciples, and said to them, Take, drink ye all of it :

196

This is the Chalice of the New Testament in
My Blood, which for you and for many is
poured follth and given for the remission of
sins and life eternal.

Peojjle. Amen.

Priest. As often as ye shall eat this Bread and
drink this Chalice, ye shall set forth My Death and
Resurrection till I come.

People. {As in 13.)

36. John Bar-Maadn (Syro-Jacobite.)

Pi'iest. But when He had accomplished and ful-
filled in Himself the figures and shadows of the ancient
law, as the Lord of both Testaments, and willed to
take away from the eyes of the Apostolic band, the
typical veil of prophecy, and to bear witness that that
true Body which of old time was obscui'ely, and as it
were afar off prefigured, was now in a certain excel-
lent manner close at hand ; in that night which
destroyed the night of sin and death ; in that very
night in which He was about to celebrate this reli-
gious sacrifice as a Priest for the expiation of the
whole world; He took bread into His holy hands
which created the world, and raised His blessed eyes
to the height of heaven, to the Father, and gave
thanks, and blessed, and brake, and ate, and gave to
the company of His holy Apostks, and said : Take,
eat of it: This is My true Body, which for the

LIFE and salvation OF THE WHOLE HUMAN RACE
IS BROKEN AND GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANS-
GRESSIONS AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. Thus also He mingled the Chalice mystic-
ally of wine and water, after He had refreshed them at

197

the Table of Life, He gave thanks, He blessed, He
sanctified, and gave to the band of the holy Apostles,
and said : Take, drink ye all of it : This is My living
Blood of the Nkw Testament, which is poured
forth for the salvation of the whole world,
and which prepareth those that believe in

Me TO LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. And again He admonished them, saying,
As often as ye are gathered together and break this.
Eucharist, ye shall keep and renew the commemora-
tion of My voluntary Death and Resurrection : and.-,
shall forbid it to pass into oblivion until I come.

People. {^As in 13.)

37. John of Basso r a {Sjjro-JacoMte.)

Priest. He then, the Prince of the Revelation of our
good things, on that evening of His voluntary groan-
ing, explaining by these quickening and easily-to-be-
handled Elements, this Mystery Avhieh cannot be
expressed in words, He took bread into His holy
hands, and as the High Priest and Apostle of our
confession, rendering thanks for us, He gave thanks,
He blessed. He sanctified, He brake, and gave to His
disciples, saying: Take, eat of it: This is My Body,

Vv^HlCII FOR YOU AND FOR MANY IS BROKEN AND
DIVIDED FOIl THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS,
AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also, when He had mingled
the Chalice with wine and water. He blessed. He
sanctified, and divided to His disciples, saying: Take,,
drink ye all of it : This is My Blood of the New
Testament, which for you and for many is

19S

POURED FORTH AND GIVEN lOR THE REMISSION OF
SINS AND ETERNAL LIFE,

People. Amen.

Priest. This, saith He, do in remembrance of Me :
for I say unto you that I will be in the midst of you,
and will give holiness to those rites Avhich shall be
accomplished : for he that eateth My Body, and
drinketh My Blood, dwelleth in Me and 1 in Him ;
and as I live through the Father, so also he that
eateth Me, shall live through Me. Receiving, there-
fore, this mystical institution, according to the disposi-
tion of Thy laws, O God, the Word, we have prepared
Bread, and have mingled theChalice — commemorating
over them all Thy dispensation, from the first assump-
tion of our flesh, which took place in a moment and
in the twinkling of an eye, even to the Passion, the
Death, the Cross, and the Resurrection Avorthy of
God ; with a pure heart, and with one voice, accord-
ing to that Divine precept. Ye shall set forth My
Death and confess My Resurrection until Mine
Advent.

People. {As in 13.)

38. S. John the Evangelist (Ethiopic.)

{Of this Liturgy I have not been able to procure a

copy.]

39. S. John the Evangelist {Syr o- Jacobite.)

Priest. And when, by His own free-will. He had
come to Eis salutary Passion for our salvation, He
took bread into His holy hands, before the eyes of the
band of His disciples; He looked up to heaven, He
gave thanks, He blessed, and sanctified, He brake.

199

and gave to His holy Apostles, and said : Take, eat of
it: This is My Body, which for you and for all

THAT BELIEVE IX Me IS BROKEN AKD DIVIDED FOR
THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION
OF SINS, AND THE LIFE TO COME THAT IS FOR EVER-
LASTING.

People. Amen.

Priest. And after that His mystical supper. He
also received the Chalice of wine and water, and gave
thanks over it and blessed, sanctified, and gave to the
band of His Apostles, and said to them : This is the
Chalice of My Blood of the New Testament:

TAKE, drink ye ALL OF IT: THIS IS SHED FORTH
FOR THE LIFE OF THE WORLD, FOR THE EXPIATION
OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS TO ALL
THAT BELIEVE IN HiM FOR EVER AND EVER.

People. Amen.

Priest. Thus shall ye do in remembrance of Me ;
for as often as ye shall use this Sacrament, and shall
drink this Blood, ye shall set forth My Death till I
come.

People. {As in 13.)

[Observe in this Liturgy the remarkable transposition of the two
clauses regarding the Chalice — " This is the Chalice," and
" Take, diiuk ye all of it."]

40. John Maro {Syro-Jacobite.)

[This Liturgy has not been published, nor have I been
able to procure it.]

41. John the Scribe (Si/ro-Jacobite.)

Priest. For our Lord Jesus Christ Himself,
when it was about to be that He was to undergo a
voluntary death for us sinners, Himself free from sin,

200

He took bread into His holv and immaculate hands,
and looked up to Thee, God and Father, and gave
thanks, and blessed, and sanctified, and brake, and
gave to His disciples who were to be initiated in His
mystery, and said : Take, eat of it : This is My
Body, which for you and for many is broken,

AND given for THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS,
THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE.

jPeople. Amen.

Priest. Thus also the Chalice,which He had mingled
of w'ine and water ; He gave thanks, He blessed, He
sanctified, and gave to His holy disciples, and said :
This is My Blood; take, and drink ye all of

it; THIS IS POURED FORTH FOR THli LIFE OF THE
WORLD, FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE
REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

JPeojAe. Amen.

Priest. And when ye shall accomplish this mystical
ministry, according to My doctrine, for the salvation
of your life, and shall eat this Bread and drink this
Chalice, ye shall set forth My death, and confess My
Besurrection, until I shall come.

People. {As in 13.)

42. S. Julius {Syro-Jacohite.)

Priest. In that last evening in which He was about
to give Himself up for the life and salvation of the
world. He took bread into His holy hands, and blessed
and brake, and gave to His holy disciples, and said :
Take, eat of it : This is My Body, the very same

WHICH FOR you AND FOR MANY IS GIVEN FOR THE
EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION 01^
SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

201

Pi'iest. In like manner also He gave thanks over
the Chalice, He blessed, He sanctified, and gave to
His disciples the holy Apostles, and said : Take,
drink ye all of it: This is My Blood of the New
Testament, which for you and for many is
given for the expiation of transgressions, and
remission of sins, and eternal life.

People. Amen.

Priest. For as often as ye shall celebrate this mys-
tery, ye shall accomplish the commemoration of My
Death and Resurrection, until I shall come.

People, {As in 13.)

43. S. Mark {Orthodox.)
\_See page 22.]

44. S. Mark {Syro-Jacohite.)

Priest. When therefore He, for our sake, had come
to His Passion in the flesh, by His grace. He in
Whom sin was not found, took bread into His holy
hands, and looked up to heaven, and blessed, and
sanctified, and brake, and said to His disciples: This
IS My Body; take, eat, for the remission of

SINS OF YOURSELVES, AND OF ALL THE TRUE FAITH-
FUL, AND FOR ETERNAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also, mingling the Chalice
of wine and water. He blessed and sanctified, and
gave to His disciples, and said: This is My Blood
OF the New Testament ; take, drink ye all of

IT, FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS OF YOU AND OF ALL
THE TRUE FAITHFUL, AND FOR ETERNAL LIFE,

People. Amen.

202

Priest. And when ye shall accomplish these My
precepts, ye shall set forth My Death and Resurrec-
tion, until I come.

People. (As in 13.)

45. S. Marutas {Syro-Jacohite.)

Priest. And in that last night in which it was
ordained that He should save the world, and should seal
and fulfil the law, and should, at the same time, begin
the New Testament, and should teach to those that
were saved by Him the doctrine full of life ; He took
leavened bread into His pure hands, and giving thanks
to the Father, He blessed, He sanctified, He brake
and divided to His disciples, and said: Take, eat:
believe and be certain, and thus preach and teach,
that This is My Body, which for the salvation
OF the world is broken, and to them that eat

IT AND believe IN Me, GlVElH EXPIATION OF SINS,
AND ETERNAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

Priest. Continuing in like manner, He took also the
wine, and when He had mingled it in just proportion
with water, He blessed, He sanctified, and gave it to
the same disciples, and said : Take, drink ye all of it,
and believe and be certain, and thus preach and teach,
that This is My Blood, which for the salvation
OF the world is poured forth, and to them
that drink it and believe in Me, giveth expia-
tion of sins and life eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. And while He made them partakers of His
Body and His holy Blood, He taught them with His
holy doctrine, and said : As ye have seen Me do, thus
do and teach ye in the never-to-be-forgotten com-

203

memoration of My dispensation, and to the salvation
of your life : Believe also My Resurrection, hope in
Me, and at the same time expect My Advent, until I
come.

People. {As in 13.)

46. Malabar, orlginalJij Nestorian.
[See page 147.]

47. S. Mary (Ethiopic.)
[This Liturgy I have never seenJ]

48. Matthew the Shepherd (S^ro-Jacobite.)

Priest. And when He willed to give a New Testa-
ment, by which the Old shall be abolished, He took
1 avened bread, in whicli the mystery of life was con-
cealed, and earnestly looking to Thee, Father, He
give thanks, He blessed, He sanctified. He brake, and
gave to them that were lying at the supper, saying :
Take, live on it : This is My Flesh, which for all

THE faithful THAT ADHERE TO Me IS DIVIDED,
THAT IT MAY BE EATEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF
TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND
ETERNAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

Deacon. In like manner also, He took the Chalice
of Life, which He had temperately mingled with the
fruit of the vine and water, and gave thanks, blessed,
sanctified and gave also to them that were initiated to
His mystery, and exhorted thorn that all should com-
municate of it, and declared that in it should be salva-
tion to them that drank, and they have it in a pure
conscience, to the expiation of transgressions, the
remission of sins, and eternal life.

204

People. Amen.

Priest. He adjoined also an admonition and decla-
ration, saying : As often as ye shall be partakers of
the Mysteries, ye shall celebrate the memory of My
Death and Resurrection until I come.

People. {As in 13.)

[Observe that, valid, though much corrupted, in the first part
of the Institution, this formula is invalid in the second.]

49. Michael or Antioch (St/i-o-Jacohite.)

Priest. And He thus accomplished our salvation
by His Divine dispensation, and set forth, accom-
plished, pointed out and taught, these Mysteries full
of life. Taking bread into His holy hands. He blessed
it, sanctified it, brake, and gave to His Apostles, and.
by their hands to the whole Catholic Church, saying :
This is My Body, which for you is broken, and

GIVEN for the expiation OF OFFENCES, THE REMIS-
SION OF SINS, AND THE New Life that is to come.

People, Amen.

Priest. Together also with the Bread, He took the
Chalice, when He had first mingled with wine and
Avater, He blessed it, He sanctified it, and commended
it by the hands of II is Apostles to His Holy Church,
saying: This is My Blood, which for you is
given, to the expiation of offences, the remis-
sion of sins, and the jNew Life that is to
come.

People. Amen.

Priest. Ye shall perpetually make this commemo-
ration of My Death and Resurrection, until I shall
come.

People. {As in 13.)

205

50. Moses Bar-Cephas (St/ ro- Jacobite.)

Priest. And in the evening of His salutary Passion,
He ate and abrogated the legal Lamb : then He took
bread into His holy hands, and looked up to Thee,
God and Father, giving thanks: He blessed and
sanctified, and brake and gave to His holy disciples,
saying: Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which

ECU ALL THAT BELIEVE IN Me IS BROKEN AND
DIVIDED FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS,
THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner He took the Chalice, tem>
perately mixed of wine and water, and giving thanks.
He blessed and sanctified, and gave to His holy dis-
ciples and all His Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye
all of it: This is My Blood, which for you, and

FOR THEM THAT BELIEVE IN Me, IS POURED FORTH
AND GIVEN, AND WHICH PREPARETH ALL THEM THAT
RECEIVE IT FOR LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen,

Priest. As often as ye shall thus accomplish these
things, believe and be certain that ye eat My Body,
and drink My Blood, and keep ye memory of My
Death and Sepulture and Resurrection, until I shall
come.

People. (As in 13.)

51. MOZARABIC.

Priest. Our Lord Jesus Christ in the same
night in whicli He was betrayed, took bread ; and
when He had given thanks. He blessed, and brake,
and gave to His disciples, saying: Take and eat:
This is My Body, which shall be given for you.

206

As often as ye shall eat, this do in remembrance of
Me.

In like manner also, the Chalice, after He supped,
saying: This is the Chalice of the New Testa-
ment IN My Blood, which for you and for many

SHALL BE POURED FORTH FOR THE REMTSSION OF

SINS : as often as ye drink, do this in remembrance of
Me.

People. Amen.

Pi'iest. As often as ye shall eat this Bread and
drink this Chalice, ye shall set forth the Death of the
Lord, until He come in glory from heaven.

People. Amen.

52. Narses THE Leper (Nestorian.)
[This Liturgy I cannot procure.']

53. Nestorius (Nestorian.)

Priest. For when the time had come in which He
was betrayed for the life of the world, after He had
supped on the Passover of the Mosaic law, He took
bread into His holy, immaculate, and unpolluted
hands : He blessed, and brake, and ate, and gave to
His disciples, and said : Take, eat ye all of it : This
is My Body, which for you is broken for the
remission of sins.

In like manner also He mingled the Chalice of wine
and water, and blessed, and drank, and gave to His
disciples, and said : Drink ye all of it : This is My
Blood of the New Testament, which for many
is poured forth for the remission of sins ; and
this do ye in remembrance of Me, until I shall come.
For as often as ye shall eat of this Bread, and drink

207

of this Chalice, ye shall set forth My Death, until My

coming.

54. Nonjurors.

And when His hour was come to offer the pro-
pitiatory sacrifice on the Cross, when He Who had no
sin Himself, mercifully undertook to suffer death for
our sins ; in the same night that He was betrayed, He
took bread: and when He had given thanks, He
brake it, and gave it to His disciples, saying : Take,
eat : This is My Body, which is given for you :
this do in remembrance of Me.

People. Amen.

Likewise, after supper. He took the Cup, and when
He had given thanks. He gave it to them, saying :
Drink ye all of this : for this is My Blood of the
New Testament, which is shed for you and for

MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS : do this, aS oft aS

ye shall drink it, in remembrance of Me.
People. Amen.

55. Our Lord (Ethiojxic.)

Priest. In the same night in which He was
betrayed. He took bread into His blameless hands,
full of blessings, and looking up to heaven to Thee, His
Father and our Father, He blessed. He sanctified,
He brake, He ate. He gave to His disciples, saying :
Take, eat ye all of it : This bread is My Body,

WHICH IS GIVEN FOR YOU AND FOR MANY FOR THE
REMISSION OF SINS.

People. Amen, Amen, Amen. We beUeve and
are certain.

Priest. In like manner, He took the Chalice, He
blessed, He sanctified, He received, and said : Drink

208
ye all of it: This is the Chalice of My Blood,

WHICH is shed for YOU AND FOR MANY.

Peojde. Amen, Amen, Amen.

' 56. Saint Peter I. (Syro-Jacohite.)

Priest. And when He was preparing that ban-
quet of His Body and Blood, imparting it to us, and
near Avas His salutary Passion, He took bread in
His immaculate hands, and lifted it up, and vouch-
safed to bestow on it His visible aspects and insensible
benediction, and blessed it, and sanctified it, and gave
it to the disciples, His Apostles, and said : Let these
mysteries be the support of your journey ; and when-
ever ye eat this in the way of earthly food, believe and
be certain that This is My Body, which for you

AND FOR MANY IS BROKEN AND IS GIVEN FOR THE
EXPIATION OF CRIMES, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND
LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner the Chalice also ; after He
had supped. He mingled wine and water, and blessed,
and sanctified, and gave to the disciples. His Apostles,
saying: Take, drink ye all of it; for this is My
Blood of the New Testament, whfch for you
and for many is poured and given for the
pardon of faults, the remission of sins, and
eternal life.

People. Amen.

Priest. And that they might receive the most sweet
fruit of that divine operation. He commanded them
after this fashion : As often as ye shall be gathered
together, keep memory of Me, and eating this pre-
pared Bread, and drinking that which is prepared in

209

this Cup, ye shall do it in remembrance of Me, and
shall confess My death, until I come.

57. S. Peter II. (Si/ro-Jacoblte.)

Priest. Who, when He willed to taste death, and
was accomplishino; the Pascha in the evenint;, He
took bread into His hands, He blessed. He sanctified
and brake, and gave to the company of the boly
Apostles, and said. Take and eat, for the remission of
sins and life eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner, mingling the Chalice of
Avine and water, He blessed, sanctified, and said to
them, Take, and drink ye all of it, for the remission
of sins and life eternal.

Peo2')le. Amen.

Priest. This He commanded and admonished them,
That as often as ye shall accomplish these mysteries,
ye shall commemorate My Death and Resurrection,
until I come.

People, (yls ill 13.^

[This is one of tho Liturgies which is invalid from the omission
of the words, This is My Body, This is iMy Blood. It is one
of the shortest of all the Syro-Jacohite offices : and perhaps
the composer ignorantly thought that the Invocation of the
Holy Ghost, which is singularly plain and expressive,
might, by itself, avail for the transmutation of the Elements.
He miglit also wish to express his dissent from the Latin
practice of entirely omitting the Invocation. Some copies
of this Liturgy have the words inserted by a later hand.]

58. Philoxenus of Bagdad {Sijro-Jacohite.)

Priest. But, desiring to assist the work of His
hands by His gifts, and to destroy the dominion of
deatii by His own death: lie, before His salutary

210

Passion, took bread into His pure, immaculate, and
unspotted hands, and looked up to Thee, God and
Father; and giving thanks, He blessed, sanctified,
brake, and gave to His disciples and holy Apostles,
paying: Take, eat of it : This is My Body, that
Body which for you is broken and given, for

THE expiation OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION
OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL TO THEM THAT RECEIVE
IT.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also, after they had supped,
mingling the Chalice with wine and water, and giving
thanks. He blessed. He sanctified, and gave to the
same His disciples and holy Apostles, saying : Take,
drink ye all of it : This is My Blood of the New
Testament, that Blood which for you and for

MANY is poured FORTH AND GIVEN FOR THE EXPIA-
TION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS,
AND LIFE ETERNAL TO THEM THAT RECEIVE.

People. Amen.

Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me ; for as often
as ye shall eat this Bread and drink this Chalice, ye
shall set forth My death, until I shall come.

Peojde. {As m 13.)

59. Philoxenus of Mabug I. (Sf/ro-Jacobife.)

Priest. And when He willed of His own free will
to taste death for us, and to accomplish the legal
Passover, He took bread into His holy hands, and
lifted up His eyes to Thee, His God and Father;
He gave thanks. He blessed. He sanctified. He brake,
and gave to the order of His holy Apostles, and said:
This is My Body, which for you and for many

211

IS BROKEN AND DIVIDED, FOR THE REMISSION OF
SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner He also mingled the Chalice
of wine and water, He gave thanks, He blessed. He
sanctified, and gave to the company of His holy
Apostles, and said: Take, drink ye all of it: This is
My Blood, which for you and for many is
poured forth for the remission of sins, and
life eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. Thus also He commanded and admonished
them : As often as ye shall celebrate these Mysteries,
ye shall do it to commemorate My Death and Resur-
rection, until I shall come.

People. (As in 13.)

60. Philoxenus of Mabug II. (Syro- Jacobite.)

Priest. Who, when He had accomplished all His
dispensation, salutary, and full of life, and had exhi-
bited virtues and miracles to all creatures, and had in
all places destroyed the power of the Rebel and
Seducer, and coming to His salutary Passion through
love to us men. He had eaten that legal Lamb with
the company of His disciples; taking bread into His
pure, holy, immaculate and unpolluted hands, raising
His eyes to heaven. He looked up to Thee, God the
Father, and gave thanks, blessed, sanctified, brake,
and gave to His holy disciples, saying: Take, eat of
it : This is My Body, which trepareth you and
many faithful to life eternal.

People. Amen,

Priest. In like manner also He took the Chalice,
tempered with wine and water, and gave thanks,

212

blessed, sanctified, and gave to the same disciples His
Apostles, saying: Take, drink ye all of it: This is
My Blood of the New Testament, which pre-
pareth you and many faithful to life eternal.

Peoj)le. Amen.

Priest. And ever do this in remembrance of Me :
for as often as ye shall eat this Bread and shall drink
this Chalice, ye shall make memory of My Death and
announce My Resurrection, until I come.

People. {As in 12.)

Gl. Roman.

Priest. Who, the day before He suffered, took
bread into His holy and venerable hands: and having
lifted up His eyes to heaven, to Thee His Father God
Almighty, He blessed, He brake, and gave to His
disciples, saying : Take, and cat ye all of this : For
TFiis IS My Body.

In like manner after they supped, taking also this
glorious Chalice into His holy and venerable hands ;
also rendering thanks to Thee, He blessed and gave
to His disciples, saying : Take, and drink ye all of it :
For this is the Chalice op My Blood, of thj:
New and Eternal Testament, the Mystery of
Faith: which for you and for many shall be

POURED forth for THE REMISSION OF SINS. As

often as ye do these things, ye shall do them in
memory of Me.

62. Scotch.

Priest, Who, (by His own oblation of Himself
once offered,) made a full, perfect, and sufficient sacri-
fice, oblation, and satisfaction for the sins of the whole
world j and did institute, and in His Holy Gospel

213

command us to continue, a perpetual memorial of that
His precious death and sacrifice, until His coming
again. For in the night that He was betrayed, He
took bread; and when He had given thanks, He
])rake it, and gave it to His disciples, saying : Take,
eat: This is My Body, which is given for you:
do this in remembrance of Me.

Likewise, after supper He took the cup ; and when
He had given thanks, He gave it to them, saying :
Drink ye all of this : For this is My Blood of the
New- Testament, which is shed for you, and

FOR MANY, FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS: do tllis, aS

oft as ye shall drink it, in remembrance of Me.

63. Severus of Antioch (Si/i-g- Jacobite-)

Priest. Who, when He left His salutary Passion
and Cross for a memorial to us, He, the Physician of
our wickednesses, offering the oblation of Himself
for us to Thee, God and Father, took bread into
His hands, and stretching them to heaven. He blessed,
He sanctified, He brake, and divided to His disciples
the Apostles, saying: Take, eat of it : For this is
My Body, which for you and for many is
broken and given unto life eternal.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner also He took the Chalice,
after they had supped, and mingling it with wine and
water. He gave thanks, and sanctified, and divided to
His disciples the Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all
of it: This is My Blood of the New Testament,
which for you and for many is poured forth
and given for the remission of sins. Do tliis
in remembrance of iMe ; for as often as ye sliall eat

214

this Bread, and shall drink this Chalice, ye shall set
forth My death.

People. (^As in 13.)

64. Theodore the Interpreter {Nesio^^ian.')

JPriest. Who, with His Apostles, in that night in
which He was betrayed, celebrated this Mystery,
great, tremendous, holy and divine: taking bread, He
blessed and brake, and gave to His disciples, and
said : This is My Body, which for y^ou is broken

FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS.

In like manner also the Chalice : He gave thanks,
and gave to them and said : This is My Blood of
THE New Testament, which for many is poured
FORTH FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. Take ye all,
therefore, and eat of this Bread and drink of this
Chalice, and do thus, as often as ye shall be gathered
together, in remembrance of Me.

65. Thomas of Heraclea {Syro-Jacolite.)

Priest. Verily and certainly He took on Himself
the form of a servant, that in that form He might
accomplish the things that were to be for our salva-
tion, and the life that was to be given us. He took
bread and wine : He blessed, He sanctified. He brake,
and gave to His Apostles, saying : Take use, and thus
do. And when ye shall receive these things, believe
and be certain that ye eat My Body and drink My
Blood, doing it in remembrance of My death, until I
shall come.

People. {As in 13.)

[This is one of the invalid formulaa : the words inserted in the
second clause, according to the judgment of the best ritualists,
scarcely avails to make good their omission in the first.]

215

66. The Three Hundred and Eighteen

(Fathers of Nicaea.) {Ethiopic.)

[This I have not been able to procure.]

67. S. Xystus {Syro-Jacobite.)

Priest. Who, when He was prepared for His salu-
tary Passion, in the bread which by Him was blessed,
sanctified, broken, and distributed to His holy Apostles,
sanctifying Plis Body, He gave it to us, saying:
Eat ye of it: For this is My Body, which for

YOU AND FOR MANY IS BROKEN AND DIVIDED, FOR
THE EXPIATION OF FAULTS, AND THE REMISSION OF
SINS, TO ETERNAL LIFE.

People. Amen.

Priest. In like manner, in the Cup which was by
Him signed, sanctified, and given to the same holy
Apostles, giving to us, His propitiatory Blood, He
said: Take, drink ye all of it: For this Is the
Chalice of My Blood of the New Testament,
which for you and many is given for the
expiation of crimes, and hath given to us
the remission of eternal life.

People. Amen.

Priest. He also added this admonition, saying : As
often as ye shall communicate in this Bread, ye shall
set forth My Death and Resurrection, until I come.

People. {As in 13.)

APPENDIX II.

PRAYERS FOR THE DEPARTED
FAITHFUL.

In the following Appendix I propose to give the
more interestins; among^ the intercessions for the faith-
fill departed which occur in the whole body of
Liturgies. The more they are examined, the more
clearly two points will appear. 1. That prayers for
the dead, and more especially the oblation of the
blessed Eucharist for them, have been from the begin-
ning the practice of the Universal Church. 2. And
this without any idea of a purgatory of pain, or of
any state from which the departed soul has to be
delivered as from one of misery. The examples are
arranged in alphabetical order ; and the many that
are omitted, are omitted, not because they contravene
the above statements, (a polemical deceit of which
God forbid that I should be guilty,) but only, either
because they say less strikingly what is better expressed
in some example that I have given ; or as being con-
ceived in precisely the same words.

1. Arjienian.

Remember, Lord, and have mercy, and be propi-
tious to the souls of the departed, and give them
repose and life, and set them with Thy Saints in the
kingdom of heaven, making them worthy of Thy
mercv.

217

2. S. Basil {Copto-Jacohite.)

In like manner, O Lord, remember also all those
who have already fallen asleep in the Priesthood, and
amidst the laity ; ■vouchsafe to give rest to all their
souls, in the bosom of our holy fathers, Abraham, and
Isaac, and Jacob. Bring them in and collect them
into a place of greenness, by the water of comfort in
the paradise of pleasure, where grief and misery and
sighing are banished, in the brightness of Thy Saints.

3. S. Clement {Si/ro- Jacobite.)

And at Thy spiritual and holy altar, O Lord, grant
rest, good memory, and felicity to all the souls, bodies,
and spirits of our fathers, brethren, and sisters, cor-
poral or spiritual, who have departed in whatever
regions, cities, or states ; or have been suffocated in
the sea or in rivers, or have died in travel, and of
whom there is no memory in the Churches constituted
on earth. Thou, O Lord, give them good memory,
who have departed to Thee in the orthodox faith,
tofiether with those whose names are written in the
book of lite.

And to all of them, who having run the race of this
life, have appeared perfect and illustrious before Thee,
and having been set free from the ocean of sins have
reached Tliee, our fathers and brethren according to
the flesh and the spirit, — give rest, O Lord, in that
spiritual and mighty bosom. Give them the spirit oi
jo}^ in the habitations of light and gladness, in the
tabernacles of shade and rest, in the treasures of happi-
ness, whence every sorrow is far banished, and the
souls of the pious wait without labour for the first
fruits of life ; and the spirits of the righteous in like
manner, are waiting for the fulfilment of the promised

218

reward : in that region, where the labourers and the
weary look towards paradise, and they that are invited
to the wedding long for the celestial Bridegroom :
when they that are called to that feast wait till they
go up thither, and ardently desire to receive that new
state of glory : where sorrows are banished and where
joys are found ; for love only has appeared not
entangled in the passions of sin of all who have been
arrayed with the human body, namely, Thine Only-
Begotten Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord, through
Whom also Ave hope to obtain mercy for ourselves
and for them.

4. Gregory Abu'lfaraj (S^ro- Jacobite.)

Because Thou art the just remunerator of the living
and the dead, and because in Thy hands are the spirits
of all flesh, we pray Thee, Lord, for all men who
have passed to Thee out of this temporal life, who
have departed in the orthodox faith, that Thou wouldst
remember them, of Thy mercy, and hear these our
prayers, and neglect not these our supplications on
their behalf; for they are created in Thy king-like
image; but spare them of Thy grace; forgive them
according to Thy clemency ; lead them into Thy
dwellings ; direct them to Thee, adding them to the
numbers of heavenly hosts, where Thy Only-Begotten
Son is celebrated and glorified by hymns, and is
honoured and extolled by hymns returning in a circle.
According to the promises made by Him to us, we
hope in Thy mercy and the remission of sins, as well
for us as for them.

5. S. Ignatius {Syro-JacoUte.)

Placidly and tranquilly receive through Thy good-
ness; O Lord, the souls and spirits of Thy servants

01C

and worshippers, who have departed to Thee out of
the present life ; but chiefly them for whom, and on
account of whom, this sacrifice is offered and perfected.
Remember them, gi-ant them rest, and place them in
the habitations of light, in the abodes of blessed spirits,
in the heavenly Jerusalem, in the Church of the
First-born who are written in heaven : and bestowing
on them good memory and a most happy rest, through
Thy love to men, give them the life that knoweth not
old age, the good things that pass not away, the
delights that have no end. Mercy may they obtain
through Thy clemency ; rest may they be possessed
of through Thy mercy : let them be hid under the
wings of Thy grace and not condemned, because they
have put their trust in Thee and Thine Only-Begotten
Son, through Whom, &c.

6. James Barad.eus {S^ro-Jacobile.)

Lord God of spirits and of all flesh, grant that
they all whom we have commemorated, and they also
whom we have not commemorated, who have departed
in the orthodox faith out of this mutable lilie, may
become worthy of that indefectible existence in the
bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, where are all
Saints: where griefs and straits are not found, but
where beatitude and joy only reign : where Thine
Only-Begotten Son is glorihed with Thee by all;
through Whom also, we hope to obtain mercy, and
revelation of face, before Thee, and lor His sake as
well for them as for us.

7. James of Botna {Syro-Jacohite.)

Grant, O Loud, rest to their souls whom we com-
memorate, and write their names in the book of life,

220

and make them "worthy of the pleasure which is
received in Paradise. Set them in the region of the
just, and join them to the ranks of the j^ious, and
cause them to arrive in the harbour of life, where is
the habitation of rest, where griefs, infirmities, groans
and miseries fly ; where all the Saints enjoy blessed-
ness, where all the pious rest. Cast out none of them,
or of us, in condemnation from Thy heavenly kingdom;,
for One only hath appeared upon earth without sin,
&c.

8. John Bae-Maadn (Sp-o- Jacobite.)

Them, who with true faith and confidence, and in
the orthodox belief, have been set free from this
temporal life, according to the sentence promulgated
by Thy equity, and have returned to Thee, O God,
as to their first omnipotent cause ; spare them by Thy
mercy ; reckon them among the number of Thine
elect; cover them with the bright cloud of Thy
Saints : (^) set them with the lambs on Thy right
hand, and bring them into Thy habitation : cause them
to arrive in tlie blessed dwelling of Thy kingdom ;
grant that they may be invited to Thy banquet, and
bring them into the region of exultation and joy,
where place there is none for gi-ief and misery, and
passion and sighing is at an end. Examine them not
severely, since they beseech Thee to deal mercifully
with them, because of the errors to which this flesh,
formed of clay and subject to sin, is liable ; but in that
terrible hour of judgments, let them be patterns, O
Lord, for us and for themselves, for none is there
without sin, &c.

(1) A very beautiful allusion to the bright cloud which over-
shadowed the Apostles during the Transfiguration.

221

9. S. John ChrysostoM {Syro-Jacohite.)

And remember tliera wlio with purity of heart, and
sanctity of soul and body, have departed from this
workl, and have come to Thee, O God. Them whom
from the first Adam, the first made of our creation,
in all generations have pleased Thee, and confessed
Thee, and have hoped for and expected the manifesta-
tion of Thine Only-Begotten Son, and have desired to
see His great and glorious day. Them who in the
spiritual bosom of Baptism, have put Thee on splen-
didly and have believed in Thy Name. Give them
rest in Thy celestial habitations, in the paradise of
delights, in the tabernacles of light, in quiet dwelling-
places. Enter not into judgment with them, O Lord,
for in Thy sight shall no man living be justified: for
there is only One Who hath appeared ujjon earth,
pure and without blemish, &c.

10. S. John the Scribe (Syro-Jacohite.)

Maker and Creator of all things, God and Father,
grant that the bodies and spirits of Thy servants who
have departed in Thy hope, may come to celestial
good things and to those pleasures Avhich have no
end, to those joys which are without termination, to
the indesinent banquet. Write their names in the
book of life, gladden them with the aspect of Thy
countenance ; set them in the region of the righteous,
count them among the bands of the pious. Grant
that they may rejoice in the good things of the Saints;
grant that they may lie down at Thy spiritual table ;
forgive their sins through Thy mercy; save them from
grief and sighing; deliver them Irom the burninc^s of
Gehenna; cause them to pass beyond those terrible

222

straits of the place of fear; (2) set them In the taber-
nacle of light; grant them rest in the bosom of
Abraham, Jsaac, and Jacob, our fathers, in Thy
celestial habitations, in places of quiet. Enter not
into judgment with Thy servants, lor in Thy sight
shall no man living be justified.

11. S. Marutas {Syro-Jacohlte.)

Remember, O Lord, through Thy grace, all those
■oho by means of the sentence pronounced against our
first father Adam, have departed out of this miserable
life, and are gone -where Thou only knowest ; and
give them rest among those delights which Thou hast
promised to them that love Thee, not calling to
memory their sins and ours, for no man is without
sin.

12. S. Maek {Syr 0- Jacobite.)

And remember those who are worthy of pious
commemoration through Thy mercy, O Lord, priests,
deacons, and chaste sub-deacons, readers, singers,
and all the departed faithful, especially our fathers,
brethren, and masters, and all who have sought the
prayers of our littleness, and all who have been made
partakers of any ecclesiastical dignity, and all who
have communicated to the necessities of all the poor
of our society, and those whom we desire to remember.
We beseech Thee, Lord God of the holy fathers,
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and of all the company
of the just and pious, that Thou wouldst give rest to
them, — to them all who have left us and departed to
Thee, and to Thy blessed seats. Blot out, forgive,

(*) It would almost seem as if constant association with
Mahometan theology had somewhat influenced the writer's ideas
of the passage from this world to the next.

223

and remit all their sins, known and unknown, volun-
tary or involuntary ; for none hath appeared upon
earth without sin, excepting Thy Only-Begotten Son,
our Lord God and Saviour, Jesis Christ, by
Whom also we desire to obtain mercy and the remis-
sion of sins Avhich is for His sake, both for them and
for ourselves.

13. Michael, Patriaech of Antioch
( Syr o- Jacobite. )

O our God, Artificer of our nature, only to be
adored and knowing all things, Who desirest the life
and salvation of all, give by Thy mercy, good memory,
and remission of transgressions and forgiveness of
sins, to our fathers, masters, and doctors, and all the
sons of Thy holy Church, who by the decree which
Thy equity hath pronounced against us, drank of old
time the sad cup of death, and of most bitter separa-
tion. Visit them, O Lord, and console them in the
habitations in which they rest, by Thy divine and
most wise decree, by Thy just dispensation, by the
feeling of Thy Spirit, blessed, sweet and full of cle-
mency, by this mystical sacrifice, full of all blessed
hope, Lord, receive our prayers for them, and blot
out their sins and defects, and purify their faults ; for
there is none, &c.

14. Philoxenus of Mabug IL {Syro-JacoUte.)

Grant, O Lord, that Thy servants who have
departed with Thy hope in faith, may arrive at those
celestial good things, and indeficient delights, and the
pleasures which perish not : to the port in which the
weary and tempest-tost rest together : to that feast in
which martyrs and confessors exult, and to the supper

224

prepared for all the blessed : preserving them from
fire, darkness, and the worm that dielh not, because
none is free from sin, &c.

15. Seveeus of Antioch {Syro-JacoUte.)

And give rest in the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and
Jacob in the paradise of pleasure, in the place of repose,
in the tabernacles of the Saints, where is the multitude
of them that keep the glorious holy-day, to the souls,
bodies, and spirits of them who have come to Thee
out of flesh and blood, to Thee, O Lord of all flesh :
where is the perfection of life without molestation, and
the first-fruits of ineffable promises; of the consum-
mation whereof make them worthy, not reckoning to
them their offences, not entering into judgment with
Thy servants, for in Thy sight shall no man living be
justified, for One only is without sin, &c.

16. Theodore the Inteepeeter (Nestorian.)

Lord, our God, receive from iis, through Thy
grace, this sacrifice of tlianksgiving, namely, the
reasonable fruits of our lips, that the memory may be
good before Thee of the ancient righteous men, holy
prophets, blessed Apostles, martyrs, and confessors,
bishops, doctors, priests, deacons, and all the sons of
the holy Catholic Churclj, who with true faith have
departed out of this Avorld, that by Ihy grace, O
Lord, Thou mayest give them pardon of all sins and
transgressions, which, in this world, in a moi'tal body,
and a soul, subject to temptation, they have sinned
and offended, for there is no man that sinneth not.

London : Printed by J. T. Hayes, Lyall Place, Eaton Square.

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Full text of "The Liturgies of S. Mark, S. James, S. Clement, S. Chrysostom, and the Church of Malabar; translated, with introduction and appendices"

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